Implications of Mutant Epidermal Growth Factor Variant III in Brain Tumor Development and Novel Targeted Therapies

2011 ◽  
pp. 251-259
Author(s):  
Murielle Mimeault ◽  
Surinder K. Batra
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Epidermal Growth

scholarly journals Advances in targeted therapy for esophageal cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan-Ming Yang ◽  
Pan Hong ◽  
Wen Wen Xu ◽  
Qing-Yu He ◽  
Bin Li
Keyword(s):  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Immune Checkpoints ◽  
Her 2 ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Abstract Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most lethal cancers in the world, and its morbidity and mortality rates rank among the top ten in China. Currently, surgical resection, radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the primary clinical treatments for esophageal cancer. However, outcomes are still unsatisfactory due to the limited efficacy and severe adverse effects of conventional treatments. As a new type of approach, targeted therapies have been confirmed to play an important role in the treatment of esophageal cancer; these include cetuximab and bevacizumab, which target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), respectively. In addition, other drugs targeting surface antigens and signaling pathways or acting on immune checkpoints have been continuously developed. For example, trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as a first-line treatment of HER-2-positive cancer. Moreover, the PD-L1 inhibitor pembrolizumab has been approved as a highly efficient drug for patients with PD-L1-positive or advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). These novel drugs can be used alone or in combination with other treatment strategies to further improve the treatment efficacy and prognosis of cancer patients. Nevertheless, adverse events, optimal dosages and effective combinations still need further investigation. In this review, we expound an outline of the latest advances in targeted therapies of esophageal cancer and the mechanisms of relevant drugs, discuss their efficacy and safety, and provide a clinical rationale for precision medicine in esophageal cancer.

scholarly journals PIK3CA Mutations Are Associated With Decreased Benefit to Neoadjuvant Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1334-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian J. Majewski ◽  
Paolo Nuciforo ◽  
Lorenza Mittempergher ◽  
Astrid J. Bosma ◽  
Holger Eidtmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Her2 Positive ◽  
Pik3ca Mutations ◽  
Activating Mutations ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Purpose We investigated whether mutations in the gene encoding the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) catalytic subunit (PIK3CA) correlates with response to neoadjuvant human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) –targeted therapies in patients with breast cancer. Patients and Methods Baseline tissue biopsies were available from patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer who were enrolled onto the Neoadjuvant Lapatinib and/or Trastuzumab Treatment Optimization trial (NeoALTTO). Activating mutations in PIK3CA were identified using mass spectrometry–based genotyping. Results PIK3CA mutations were identified in 23% of HER2-positive breast tumors, and these mutations were associated with poorer outcome in all of the treatment arms. Patients treated with a combination of trastuzumab and lapatinib who had wild-type PIK3CA obtained a total pathologic complete response (pCR) rate of 53.1%, which decreased to 28.6% in patients with tumors that carried PIK3CA activating mutations (P = .012). Conclusion Activating mutations in PIK3CA predicted poor pCR in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant therapies that target HER2. Consequently, the combination of anti-HER2 agents and PI3K inhibitors is being investigated.

Emerging Targeted Therapies for Breast Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (20) ◽  
pp. 3366-3379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo H. Alvarez ◽  
Vicente Valero ◽  
Gabriel N. Hortobagyi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Therapies ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Cytotoxic Agents ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Increased understanding of the molecular events involved in cancer development has led to the identification of a large number of novel targets and, in parallel, to the development of multiple approaches to anticancer therapy. Targeted therapy focuses on specific molecules in the malignant cell signal transduction machinery, including crucial molecules involved in cell invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, cell-cycle control, and tumor-related angiogenesis. In breast cancer, two new targeted agents have recently been approved: lapatinib, directed against the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2); and bevacizumab, directed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Multiple other targeted agents are under evaluation in clinical trials, including inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), dual EGFR and HER2 inhibitors, other VEGF or VEGF-receptor inhibitors, and agents that alter crucial signaling pathways, such as RAS/MEK/ERK; phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt/ mammalian target of rapamycin; insulin-like growth factor/insulin-like growth factor receptor; poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1; and others. In this review, we present the most promising studies of these new targeted therapies and novel combinations of targeted therapies with traditional cytotoxic agents.

scholarly journals Diversity in tumor territory of meningioma: Protein expression in vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parvin Mehdipour ◽  
Firoozeh Javan ◽  
Morteza Faghih-Jouibari ◽  
Mehdi Khaleghi
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Evolutionary Strategy ◽  
Tumor Evolution ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are involved in tumor development and progression. But, the classified-based data of protein expression (PE) in meningiomas is unavailable. Therefore, we aimed to explore the PE of VEGF and EGF in meningiomas by considering evolutionary strategy and the regional tumor-based assay. Methods: PE was assayed using immunofluorescence (IF) within the peripheral, central, and basal sections of four meningioma tumors, and a lung metastatic brain tumor as a positive control. Results: Diverse characteristics and harmonic cross-talk in the individual sections and between different tumor sections were traced. The mode of PE was puzzling and personalized issue. Co-expression had a key impact on tumor evolution and diverse PE profiles led to draw the heterogenic classification, as the personalized/complementary insight in the functional behavior of VEGF and EGF. D1853N polymorphism of ATM gene was mosaics in two patients with meningiomas. Conclusion: The classified heterogeneity, harmonic co-expression, and diverse functional information in different regions of tumors may lead to predict the aggressiveness mode of tumors as a translational insight to the clinical managements including therapy in brain tumors.

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