Solid Waste Management Options and their Impacts on Climate Change and Human Health

Author(s):  
Muna Albanna
Author(s):  
Toqeer Ahmed ◽  
Hassaan Fayyaz Khan Sipra

Plastic pollution is one of the prime and alarming issues in developing countries that has vast environmental and human health impacts which need to be addressed as a priority. Unfortunately, limited work has been done on the topic, especially on air and water pollution due to plastics in Pakistan. Informal solid waste management is being done by municipalities, which is not adequate, and the problem will increase with the upsurge in population and industrialization. There is a need to address the knowledge gap and improvements in the existing conditions to manage the issue of plastic pollution separately. In this chapter, causes; impacts of plastic pollution both on human and environmental health, plastic industries, and legislative context; and best practices to manage plastic pollution along with some important recommendations are discussed. It is expected the data presented may help the managers, environmental scientists, and policymakers to manage the problem of plastic pollution.


Author(s):  
Aynur Akata

Al substances that are left directly or indirectly into the environment that may cause harm to human health and the environment are regarded as waste. Waste generation occurs as a result of daily activities during production of goods and after their use by consumers. In order to decrease and/or eliminate the negative effects onto the environment, a proper waste management is crucial for the societies and governments. In this chapter, the subject is explained starting from the brief historical aspects of waste and waste management and continuing with explanation of the main concepts and their types, focusing on solid waste management and recycling. Various examples are given.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1759
Author(s):  
Olaoluwa Omilani ◽  
Adebayo Abass ◽  
Victor Okoruwa

The paper examined the willingness of smallholder cassava processors to pay for value-added solid wastes management solutions in Nigeria. We employed a multistage sampling procedure to obtain primary data from 403 cassava processors from the forest and Guinea savannah zones of Nigeria. Contingent valuation and logistic regression were used to determine the willingness of the processors to pay for improved waste management options and the factors influencing their decision on the type of waste management system adopted and willingness to pay for a value-added solid-waste management system option. Women constituted the largest population of smallholder cassava processors, and the processors generated a lot of solid waste (605–878 kg/processor/season). Waste was usually dumped (59.6%), given to others (58.1%), or sold in wet (27.8%) or dry (35.5%) forms. The factors influencing the processors’ decision on the type of waste management system to adopt included sex of processors, membership of an association, quantity of cassava processed and ownership structure. Whereas the processors were willing to pay for new training on improved waste management technologies, they were not willing to pay more than US$3. However, US$3 may be paid for training in mushroom production. It is expected that public expenditure on training to empower processors to use solid-waste conversion technologies for generating value-added products will lead to such social benefits as lower exposure to environmental toxins from the air, rivers and underground water, among others, and additional income for the smallholder processors. The output of the study can serve as the basis for developing usable and affordable solid-waste management systems for community cassava processing units in African countries involved in cassava production.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 923-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A Nwachukwu ◽  
Mersky Ronald ◽  
Huan Feng

In this study, United States, China, India, United Kingdom, Nigeria, Egypt, Brazil, Italy, Germany, Taiwan, Australia, Canada and Mexico were selected to represent the global community. This enabled an overview of solid waste management worldwide and between developed and developing countries. These are countries that feature most in the International Conference on Solid Waste Technology and Management (ICSW) over the past 20 years. A total of 1452 articles directly on solid waste management and technology were reviewed and credited to their original country of research. Results show significant solid waste research potentials globally, with the United States leading by 373 articles, followed by India with 230 articles. The rest of the countries are ranked in the order of: UK > Taiwan > Brazil > Nigeria > Italy > Japan > China > Canada > Germany >Mexico > Egypt > Australia. Global capacity in solid waste management options is in the order of: Waste characterisation-management > waste biotech/composting > waste to landfill > waste recovery/reduction > waste in construction > waste recycling > waste treatment–reuse–storage > waste to energy > waste dumping > waste education/public participation/policy. It is observed that the solid waste research potential is not a measure of solid waste management capacity. The results show more significant research impacts on solid waste management in developed countries than in developing countries where economy, technology and society factors are not strong. This article is targeted to motivate similar study in each country, using solid waste research articles from other streamed databases to measure research impacts on solid waste management.


2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Sohrab Hossain ◽  
Amutha Santhanam ◽  
N.A. Nik Norulaini ◽  
A.K. Mohd Omar

The main objective is to know the findings of farmers and competent authorities on solid waste management packaging of pesticides in agricultural fields. This research is descriptive character of non-experimental quantitative approach, where a survey was applied to 30 producersagricultural, based on 18 items, which grow crops ofvegetables, sweet potatoes, corn, and asparagus. located in the Town Center Agua Dulce, 4 km from the district of San Vicente province of Cañete, Lima region, Peru, in an area of 200.83 ha. Result Review producers considerpollution and climate change are increased effect of solid waste packaging pesticides in agricultural fields. And it concludeswhich should promote training strategies and achieve decrease that plastics are thrown into agricultural fields and irrigation canals which then finally spreads into the sea, management should be led by the authority in strategic alliance with commercial houses chemical inputsIn coordination with farmers


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