The soil solution composition as a predictor for metal availability to spinach: a comparative study using 137Cs, 85Sr, 109Cd, 65Zn and 152Eu

1997 ◽  
pp. 487-492
Author(s):  
Erik Smolders ◽  
Karen Van den Brande ◽  
André Maes ◽  
Roel Merckx
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Solution Composition

Amelioration of subsurface acidity in sandy soils in low rainfall regions .2. Changes to soil solution composition following the surface application of gypsum and lime

Soil Research ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
CDA Mclay ◽  
GSP Ritchie ◽  
WM Porter ◽  
A Cruse
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Ion Pairs ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
First Year ◽  
Solution Composition

Two field trials were sampled to investigate the changes to soil solution chemical properties of a yellow sandplain soil with an acidic subsoil following the application of gypsum and lime to the soil surface in 1989. The soils were sandy textured and located in a region of low annual rainfall (300-350 mm). Soil was sampled annually to a depth of 1 m and changes in soil solution composition were estimated by extraction of the soil with 0.005 M KCl. Gypsum leaching caused calcium (Ca), sulfate (SO4) and the ionic strength to increase substantially in both topsoil and subsoil by the end of the first year. Continued leaching in the second year caused these properties to decrease by approximately one-half in the topsoil. Gypsum appeared to have minimal effect on pH or total Al (Al-T), although the amount of Al present as toxic monomeric Al decreased and the amount present as non-toxic AlSO+4 ion pairs increased. Magnesium (Mg) was displaced from the topsoil by gypsum and leached to a lower depth in the subsoil. In contrast, lime caused pH to increase and Al to decrease substantially in the topsoil, but relatively little change to any soil solution properties was observed in the subsoil. There was an indication that more lime may have leached in the presence of gypsum in the first year after application at one site. Wheat yields were best related to the soil acidity index Al-T/EC (where EC is electrical conductivity of a 1:5 soil:water extract), although the depth at which the relationship was strongest in the subsoil varied between sites. The ratio Al-T/EC was strongly correlated with the activity of monomeric Al species (i.e. the sum of the activities of Al3+, AlOH2+ and Al(OH)+2 in the soil solution. An increase in the concentration of sulfate in the subsoil solution (which increased the ionic strength, thereby decreasing the activity of Al3+, and also increased the amount of Al present as the AlSO+4 ion pair) was probably the most important factor decreasing Al toxicity to wheat. The results indicated that gypsum could be used to increase wheat growth in aluminium toxic subsoils in sandy soils of low rainfall regions and that a simple soil test could be used to predict responses.

A Comparative Study of the Natural and Experimental Corrosion of Poorly Durable Potash-Lime-Silica Glasses

1993 ◽  
Vol 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.I. Cooper ◽  
G.A. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Corrosion Products ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Silica Glasses ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Different Temperatures

ABSTRACTNaturally corroded, poorly durable glasses are compared with results from MCC-4 leach tests on similar glasses. It is suggested that different corrosion products are formed at different temperatures; therefore, care should be taken when interpreting experimental leach rates. Solution composition, pH and flow around the sample can also have a profound effect on corrosion rates.

Changes in Cu, Ni, and Zn availability following simulated conversion of biosolids-amended forest soils back to agricultural use

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 286 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. McLaren ◽  
A. Black ◽  
L. M. Clucas
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Forest Litter ◽  
Metal Availability ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Organic Complexes ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Wheat Germination

In this study we examined the bioavailability and chemistry of Cu, Ni, and Zn in metal-spiked, biosolids-amended forest (Pinus radiata) soils that had undergone a simulated conversion back to agricultural use. Mixing of the biosolids-treated forest litter into the underlying mineral soil resulted in high concentrations of each metal in easily extractable and soil solution forms. There was also very little change in these concentrations during a subsequent 2-year incubation period of the samples. Chemical speciation of the soil solutions using WHAM 6 showed that Cu was dominated by organic complexes, whereas most Ni and Zn was present as Ni2+ and Zn2+, with generally <5% of these elements present as organic complexes. Addition of lime to the soils substantially decreased both readily extractable and soil solution metal concentrations. However, even in their unlimed state, although plant metal concentrations were increased by the original biosolids treatments, there were no adverse effects due to the metals on plant growth as determined in a wheat germination and seedling growth test. In this study, the DGT technique showed considerable promise for assessing metal availability to plants. However, the study suggests that conversion of biosolids-treated forest soils back for agricultural use is unlikely to result in any substantial problems related to the metal loadings built up in the forest litter layer.

scholarly journals Effects of Liming on Grass Growth, Soil Solution Composition, and Microbial Activities

1987 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masayuki Hojito ◽  
Shuji Higashida ◽  
Akira Nishimune ◽  
Kinya Takao
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Microbial Activities ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Grass Growth

Organic matter mobilization as affected by soil-solution composition and prevailing clay minerals

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (13-14) ◽  
pp. 2291-2299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto S. Martínez ◽  
Pablo Zalba ◽  
María B. Villamil ◽  
Norman Peinemann
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Solution Composition

Influence of plant roots on rhizosphere soil solution composition of long-term contaminated soils

Geoderma ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 155 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwon-Rae Kim ◽  
Gary Owens ◽  
Ravi Naidu ◽  
Soon-lk Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Plant Roots ◽  
Solution Composition
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