The Effects of Chronic Low-level Lead Exposure on the Early Structuring of the Central Nervous System

1989 ◽  
pp. 440-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Regan ◽  
G. R. Cookman ◽  
G. J. Keane ◽  
W. King ◽  
S. E. Hemmens
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Lead Exposure ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Analyses of temporal regulatory elements of the prosaposin gene in transgenic mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 370 (2) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying SUN ◽  
David P. WITTE ◽  
Peng JIN ◽  
Gregory A. GRABOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Transgenic Mice ◽  
Peak Level ◽  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
The Brain

The expression of prosaposin is temporally and spatially regulated at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Transgenic mice with various 5′-flanking deletions of the prosaposin promoter fused to luciferase (LUC) reporters were used to define its temporal regulatory region. LUC expression in the transgenic mice carrying constructs with 234bp (234LUC), 310bp (310LUC) or 2400bp (2400LUC) of the 5′-flanking region was analysed in the central nervous system and eye throughout development. For 310LUC and 2400LUC, low-level LUC activity was maintained until embryonal day 18 in brain, eye and spinal cord. The peak level of LUC activity was at birth, with return to a plateau (1/3 of peak) throughout adulthood. Deletion of the region that included the retinoic acid-receptor-related orphan receptor (RORα)-binding site and sequence-specific transcription factor (Sp1) cluster sites (44—310bp) suppressed the peak of activity. By comparison, the peak level for 234LUC was shifted 2 weeks into neonatal life in the brain, but not in the eye, and no peak of activity was observed in the spinal cord. The endogenous prosaposin mRNA in eye, spinal cord and cerebellum had low-level expression before birth and continued to increase into adulthood. In cerebrum, the endogenous mRNA showed similar expression profile to constructs 310LUC, 2400LUC and 234LUC, with the peak expression at 1 week and a decreased level in adult. In the brain of the newborn, 2400LUC was highly expressed in the trigeminal ganglion and brain stem regions when compared with the generalized expression pattern for endogenous prosaposin mRNA. These results suggest that the modifiers (RORα- and Sp1-binding sites) residing within 310bp of the 5′-flanking region mediate developmental regulation in the central nervous system and eye. Additional regulatory elements outside the 5′ region of the 2400bp promoter fragment appear to be essential for the physiological control of the prosaposin locus.

Functional Response of the Central Nervous System of Dogs to Low-Level Irradiation

1966 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. F. Sams ◽  
S. Endo ◽  
R. B. Aird ◽  
G. D. Adams ◽  
G. L. Ellman
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Functional Response ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Bioelectric Activity of the Brain in the Operational Personnel of the Russian Nuclear Power Plant with a Low Level of Psychophysiological Adaptation

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-35
Author(s):  
F. Torubarov ◽  
Z Zvereva ◽  
S. Luk'yanova
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Bioelectric Activity ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: The aim is to study the bioelectric activity of the brain in the operational workers of the Novovoronezh and Beloyarsk nuclear power plants with a low level of psychophysiological adaptation. Material and methods: An EEG study of 101 operational employees of the NPP was conducted, visual and spectral analyses were used. EEG indicators of individuals with a low level of psychophysiological adaptation and low functional activity of structural and functional formations of the central nervous system were compared with those of individuals with a high level of adaptation, high functional activity of structural and functional formations of the central nervous system. Results: Visual analysis of individuals with a low level of psychophysiological adaptation revealed abnormal EEG indicators, indicating functional disorders of the central nervous system. The greatest violations were revealed in the structural and functional formation responsible for the central regulation of the cardiovascular system. A comparative assessment of the spectral power of the EEG at different levels of psychophysiological adaptation revealed a state of tension (tense adaptation) observed in individuals with both low and high levels of adaptation. The similarity between the structural and functional formation "central regulation of the cardiovascular system" with low functional activity and a low level of psychophysiological adaptation in terms of the number of abnormal EEG indicators can be considered as evidence of its greatest contribution to the formation of a low level of adaptation.The evaluation of interhemispheric interactions in structural and functional formations at their low and high activity, as well as at low and high levels of adaptation, suggested that the formation of a high level of psychophysiological adaptation as an integral characteristic of the main role played by the formation of the "Cortex" and "central regulation of the cardiovascular system". In the formation of a low level of psychophysiological adaptation as an integral characteristic, the main role is played by the formations "cortex" and "cortical-subcortical interaction". Conclusion: A violation of the bioelectric activity of the brain may be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of reduced adaptation. The presence of statistically significant differences in EEG indicators in individuals with low and high levels of adaptation, revealed by visual and spectral analysis, allows us to consider these indicators as informative not only in terms of identifying deviations in the diagnosis of functional disorders, but also in assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation and health measures.

scholarly journals Microglial cell depletion is fatal with low level picornavirus infection of the central nervous system

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Michael S. Sanchez ◽  
Ana Beatriz DePaula-Silva ◽  
Daniel J. Doty ◽  
Amanda Truong ◽  
Jane E. Libbey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Microglial Cell ◽  
Cell Depletion ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Picornavirus Infection

Prognostic criteria of psychophysiological adaptation according to visual and computer EEG analyses of employees of nuclear hazardous enterprises and industries

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 588-593
Author(s):  
Zoya F. Zvereva ◽  
Felix S. Torubarov ◽  
Svetlana N. Lukyanova ◽  
Elena A. Denisova ◽  
Elena V. Miroshnik
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Spectral Power ◽  
Central Regulation ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Prognostic Criteria ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Different Levels

Introduction. The study's relevance is due to the need to improve the safety of nuclear industry enterprises and, as a consequence, to ensure a good level of psychophysiological functioning of employees. The study aims to identify the analysis of EEG indicators characterizing the FS of the central nervous system at different levels of PFA using visual and computer analysis. Materials and methods. Object - 331 archival EEGS of workers of hazardous radiation industries. The researchers determined the level of adaptation of employees using psychological, psychophysical, and physiological techniques. We conventionally recorded the EEG at rest and functional loads. In addition, scientists used a visual analysis and computer evaluation of the spectral power of EEG biopotentials in the processing. Results. With the help of visual analysis, we identified diagnostic features reflecting different levels of psychophysiological adaptation and functional activity of structural and functional formations of the central nervous system. It is possible to determine the role of structural and functional formations in forming a low level of adaptation and formulate prognostic criteria for adaptation. Researchers have identified some mechanisms of these criteria based on the evaluation results of the spectral power of EEG biopotentials. Conclusions. We identified four abnormal indicators in the EEG: "Type IV EEG", "Unstable EEG dynamics", "High index of β1 activity", "Presence of flashes of bilateral synchronous waves". These indicators indicate the presence of violations of the central regulation of the cardiovascular system and dysfunctional changes in the structures of the limbic-reticular complex. Therefore, we consider it as a criterion of a low level of PFA. The identification in the EEG of persons with a high level of PFA electroencephalographic norm indicates the absence of violations of the central regulation of the cardiovascular system and dysfunctional changes in the structures of the limbic-reticular complex. Researchers consider this a sign of a high probability of these individuals performing professional activities with a low risk of emergencies due to reduced adaptation.

The Biology of Personality

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Mulder
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Clinical Psychiatry ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Low Level ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Extensive Body

Historically, models of personality have generally postulated, or assumed, a link with biology. This century has witnessed a major revision of these ideas with both behavioural and psychoanalytic theorists emphasising life experiences as being largely responsible for behaviour as adults. Challenges to this assumption of the overwhelming importance of life experiences are reviewed. An extensive body of data now exists suggesting that biology contributes significantly to individual variability. This biological contribution occurs at a relatively low level in the central nervous system, best defined as temperament. Further research has suffered from the lack of a cohesive psychobiological model. Cloninger's tridimensional theory of personality is presented as a model which attempts to bridge the gap between theoretical temperamental traits, neurotransmitter function and clinical psychiatry. It is to be hoped that new theoretical models will be formulated which will focus on the importance of temperamental variables in psychiatric disorders.

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