Commentary: Using Tax Policy To Curb Speculative Short-Term Trading

1989 ◽  
pp. 19-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Short Term

Der Ursprung der geräuschlosen Kriegsfinanzierung im „Dritten Reich“ 1935–1939

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 459-485
Author(s):  
Ralf Banken
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Tax Burden ◽  
National Debt ◽  
Nazi Regime ◽  
Short Term ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
Treasury Bonds ◽  
Ministry Of Finance ◽  
Collection Practice

AbstractIn addition to the well-known mefo bills and other types of state debts, National Socialist tax policy was also of great importance for the financing of armament before the war began. Nevertheless, the leaders of the Nazi regime could not agree on the general course of tax policy due to the already high tax burden since spring 1935. As the Reich Ministry of Finance was only able to push through a few small tax increases despite a stricter tax collection practice, the tax coverage of Reich expenditures sank further and further and the short-term national debt increased. This development led to a severe liquidity crisis of the Reich’s finances in 1938 due to the ever accelerating armament, which was overcome for the time being mainly by issuing short-term treasury bonds. This ad hoc solution became entrenched during the war due to those groups in the Nazi regime that continued to block tax policy and formed the basis for the silent financing of the war.

scholarly journals Using tax policy to curb speculative short-term trading

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 101-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Stiglitz
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals Earmarking Tax for Indonesia's Economic Growth through the Education and Health Sector in the Long and Short Term Period

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Faishal Fadli ◽  
Ouyang Hongbing ◽  
Yaqing Liu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Government

The earmarking tax policy is expected to provide quality improvements as a result of the certainty of fund allocation. There are two examples of the government undertaking an earmarking tax approach in Indonesia, where 20% of funds are allocated for education, and 5% of funds are allocated for health. This measure of quality improvement can be seen from the improvement of the Human Development Index (HDI), Expected Years of Schooling (EYS), and Life Expectancy at Birth (LEB) that in turn impacts increasing economic growth (EG) during the period of earmarking tax policy in Indonesia. This research uses Path Analysis and Error Correction Model. Earmarking tax cause a negative indirect effect on EG through the education and health sector. However, in the long term, it has a positive effect on both sectors, while EYS and LEB has a negative effect. In the short term, only the health sector can increase EG.

scholarly journals Indonesia Agroindustry Growth Acceleration through Export Tax Policy: CGE Comparative Static Model

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lestari Agusalim
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Static Model ◽  
Output Growth ◽  
Cge Model ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Export Tax ◽  
Export Taxes ◽  
Export Competitiveness ◽  
Negative Effect

The purpose of this research is to analyze wether export tax policy on primary agriculture commodity can stimulate the growth of agroindustry. The model used in this research is a comparative static CGE model. The data used is the Input-Output Table in 2008, the System Accounting Matrix (SAM) Table in 2008, and other relevant supporting sources. Simulations carried out by applying export taxes on primary agricultural commodities, adjusted by government policy to accelerate the growth of agroindustry. The simulation indicates that it can inhibit the export growth on taxed commodities so that accelerate the long term agroindustrial output growth. Although it has negative effect on the short term. On the other hand, the policy doesn’t pro the economic growth and aggravate the export competitiveness.

Congress Finally Passes Carried Interest Legislation, But is it Enough?

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Hughlene A. Burton ◽  
Noel Brock
Keyword(s):  
Tax Policy ◽  
Capital Gains ◽  
Capital Gain ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Minimal Impact ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Interest Income ◽  
Jobs Act ◽  
Unlimited Amount

ABSTRACT After numerous failed previous attempts to enact legislation taxing “carried interest” income attributable to services as compensation income versus capital gains, Congress enacted Section 1061 as part of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Unlike previous proposals, which would tax carried interest income attributable to services as compensation income, Section 1061 simply reclassifies some carried interest income attributable to services as short-term capital gain. By choosing to treat carried interest income attributable to services as short-term capital gain instead of as compensation income, Section 1061 exempts such income from self-employment tax and allows taxpayers to offset such income with an unlimited amount of short-term capital losses. This paper reviews the requirements under Section 1061 and explains several ambiguities created by the new law. In addition, this paper examines whether Section 1061 follows sound tax policy. The authors find that Section 1061 does not follow the tax policy concepts of equity and fairness, economic efficiency, neutrality, simplicity, or certainty. In addition, the authors find that Section 1061 will have minimal impact, as most carried interest is held longer than the required period to qualify as long-term capital gain.

Real Effects of Financial Reporting on Innovation: Evidence from Tax Law and Accounting Standards

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braden Williams ◽  
Brian M. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Accounting Standards ◽  
Tax Incentives ◽  
Financial Accounting ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Fin 48 ◽  
Real Effects ◽  
Equity Compensation ◽  
Innovative Output

This study examines whether financial accounting standards moderate the effectiveness of tax policy. Specifically, we examine whether myopic managers' focus on short-term financial reporting reduces the effectiveness of tax subsidies that incentivize innovation. We employ a novel setting, the issuance of Financial Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), which changed the financial reporting for some important, yet uncertain, tax incentives to innovate. For firms most affected by the standard change, we find evidence of reduced investment in innovation, reduced sensitivity of investment to tax incentives, and reduced future innovative output. Consistent with earnings myopia, we find the effect is more pronounced in firms with higher levels of transient institutional ownership and newly vesting equity compensation. These results indicate financial reporting myopia has real effects on innovation and can reduce tax policy effectiveness. The results further suggest that tax policymakers should consider both financial reporting and cash flow incentives in designing policy.

Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary C. Potter
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Visual Presentation ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

Ultrastructural Changes of Canine Kidneys During 24-Hour Perfusion on a LI-400 Preservation System

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 316-317
Author(s):  
M. O. Magnusson ◽  
D. G. Osborne ◽  
T. Shimoji ◽  
W. S. Kiser ◽  
W. A. Hawk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrolyte Solution ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Midline Incision ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Pentobarbital Anesthesia ◽  
Pulsatile Perfusion

Short term experimental and clinical preservation of kidneys is presently best accomplished by hypothermic continuous pulsatile perfusion with cryoprecipitated and millipore filtered plasma. This study was undertaken to observe ultrastructural changes occurring during 24-hour preservation using the above mentioned method.A kidney was removed through a midline incision from healthy mongrel dogs under pentobarbital anesthesia. The kidneys were flushed immediately after removal with chilled electrolyte solution and placed on a LI-400 preservation system and perfused at 8-10°C. Serial kidney biopsies were obtained at 0-½-1-2-4-8-16 and 24 hours of preservation. All biopsies were prepared for electron microscopy. At the end of the preservation period the kidneys were autografted.

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