Ecogeographic variation in Kandelia candel from Brunei, Hong Kong and Thailand

1995 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Kandelia Candel

Fungal endophytes associated with Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) in Mai Po Nature Reserve, Hong Kong

2008 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ka-Lai Pang ◽  
Lilian L.P. Vrijmoed ◽  
Teik Khiang Goh ◽  
Narumol Plaingam ◽  
E.B. Gareth Jones
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Kandelia Candel

Ecogeographic variation in Kandelia candel from Brunei, Hong Kong and Thailand

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 295 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon S. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Kandelia Candel

scholarly journals Effects of artificial defoliation on growth, reproduction and leaf chemistry of the mangrove Kandelia candel

2003 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. F. Tong ◽  
S. Y. Lee ◽  
B. Morton
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Kandelia Candel ◽  
Leaf Chemistry ◽  
Leaf Lamina ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Manipulative Experiment

The effects of defoliation on leaf and propagule production, and leaf chemistry of the mangrove Kandelia candel (L.) Druce were evaluated in a manipulative experiment in Hong Kong. Artificial defoliation of leaf lamina at 50% of the length of midrib resulted in significant reduction in leaf, twig and propagule production, and size of the latter. Through the negative effects on propagule number and size, severe herbivory may influence fitness of the mangrove, and, thus, community structure. In contrast, no apparent adverse effects on growth and production were observable at 25% defoliation. Defoliation also significantly affected leaf chemistry of the trees, particularly those suffering 50% defoliation. Concentrations of soluble tannins and carbohydrates in leaves were significantly lower at 50% defoliation compared with the control. Total nitrogen also decreased significantly with increased per cent defoliation. Plants surviving in stressful habitats, such as mangroves, are probably more affected by loss of leaf biomass than those surviving in favourable environments.

Halosarpheia kandeliae sp. nov. on intertidal bark of the mangrove tree Kandelia candel in Hong Kong

1999 ◽  
Vol 103 (11) ◽  
pp. 1500-1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Abdel-Wahab ◽  
E.B.G. Jones ◽  
L.L.P. Vrijmoed
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Kandelia Candel ◽  
Mangrove Tree

Herbivory as an ecological process in a Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) mangal in Hong Kong

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
Leaf Longevity ◽  
Leaf Life Span ◽  
Intensity Level ◽  
Kandelia Candel ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTNatural levels and consequences of insect herbivory were studied for a Kandelia candel (Rhizophoraceae) dominated mangal at the Mai Po Marshes, Hong Kong. Grazing insects (mainly lepidopteran larvae) consumed, on average, 10.3% of the leaf area on K. candel, with >90% of the leaves suffering <30% loss. Natural median leaf longevity was significantly different between winter and summer-exposed leaves, being, respectively, 423.2 and 269.6 days. Observations showed that herbivore damage caused a reduction of leaf longevity, as severely damaged leaves were abscissed before intact, older leaves on the same branch. Experimental leaf area removal suggested that leaf life span reduction was significantly influenced by leaf age and degree of damage. However, the reduction was only significant (>40 days) when area loss was >40%. Leaves produced in summer were also more sensitive to damage than those produced in winter. As <5% of the leaves suffered >40% of area removal by insect grazing in nature, insect herbivory is considered an unimportant regulator of leaf litter dynamics for K. candel. At this intensity level, herbivory consumes 2.8–3.5% of the net above-ground primary production of the mangrove. There was also no significant difference in the final number of leaves and twigs produced by the branches with various degrees of leaf area removal. Other observed impacts of insects on the structure and function of the K. candel mangal are discussed.

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli infection: The Hong Kong experience

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (11-s4) ◽  
pp. S289-S293 ◽  
Author(s):  
SSY WONG ◽  
WC YAM ◽  
PHM LEUNG ◽  
PCY WOO ◽  
KY YUEN
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Escherichia Coli Infection
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