Trace gases and air—sea exchanges

An algorithm for the retrieval of total column amount of trace gases in a multi-dimensional atmosphere is designed. The algorithm uses (i) certain differential radiance models with internal and external closures as inversion models, (ii) the iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method as a regularization tool, and (iii) the spherical harmonics discrete ordinate method (SHDOM) as linearized radiative transfer model. For efficiency reasons, SHDOM is equipped with a spectral acceleration approach that combines the correlated k-distribution method with the principal component analysis. The algorithm is used to retrieve the total column amount of nitrogen for two- and three-dimensional cloudy scenes. Although for three-dimensional geometries, the computational time is high, the main concepts of the algorithm are correct and the retrieval results are accurate.

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Recommendations for HCHO and SO2 Retrieval Settings from MAX-DOAS Observations under Different Meteorological Conditions

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13122244 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 2244

Author(s):

Zeeshan Javed ◽

Aimon Tanvir ◽

Muhammad Bilal ◽

Wenjing Su ◽

Congzi Xia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Column Density ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Meteorological Conditions ◽

Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Chemical Production ◽

Vertical Column ◽

Phase Oxidation ◽

Fog Days ◽

Rms Errors ◽

Optimal Settings

Recently, the occurrence of fog and haze over China has increased. The retrieval of trace gases from the multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) is challenging under these conditions. In this study, various reported retrieval settings for formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are compared to evaluate the performance of these settings under different meteorological conditions (clear day, haze, and fog). The dataset from 1st December 2019 to 31st March 2020 over Nanjing, China, is used in this study. The results indicated that for HCHO, the optimal settings were in the 324.5–359 nm wavelength window with a polynomial order of five. At these settings, the fitting and root mean squared (RMS) errors for column density were considerably improved for haze and fog conditions, and the differential slant column densities (DSCDs) showed more accurate values compared to the DSCDs between 336.5 and 359 nm. For SO2, the optimal settings for retrieval were found to be at 307–328 nm with a polynomial order of five. Here, root mean square (RMS) and fitting errors were significantly lower under all conditions. The observed HCHO and SO2 vertical column densities were significantly lower on fog days compared to clear days, reflecting a decreased chemical production of HCHO and aqueous phase oxidation of SO2 in fog droplets.

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DETERMINATION OF PHASE TRANSFER PARAMETERS OF THE ATMOSPHERIC TRACE GASES NITRIC ACID, OZONE, AND DINITROGENPENTOXIDE AT LIQUID SURFACES

Journal of Aerosol Science ◽

10.1016/s0021-8502(21)00144-0 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 32 ◽

pp. 301-302

Author(s):

M. SCHÜTZE ◽

T. BERNDT ◽

H. HERRMANN

Keyword(s):

Nitric Acid ◽

Phase Transfer ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Atmospheric Trace Gases ◽

Transfer Parameters ◽

Liquid Surfaces

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Total Ozone Columns from the Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) Using the DOAS Method

Remote Sensing ◽

10.3390/rs13112098 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 2098

Author(s):

Yuanyuan Qian ◽

Yuhan Luo ◽

Fuqi Si ◽

Haijin Zhou ◽

Taiping Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Absorption ◽

Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Total Ozone ◽

Scattered Light ◽

Trace Gases ◽

Rapid Change ◽

Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽

Monitoring Instrument ◽

Monthly Average

Global measurements of total ozone are necessary to evaluate ozone hole recovery above Antarctica. The Environmental Trace Gases Monitoring Instrument (EMI) onboard GaoFen 5, launched in May 2018, was developed to measure and monitor the global total ozone column (TOC) and distributions of other trace gases. In this study, some of the first global TOC results of the EMI using the differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) method and validation with ground-based TOC measurements and data derived from Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) observations are presented. Results show that monthly average EMI TOC data had a similar spatial distribution and a high correlation coefficient (R ≥ 0.99) with both OMI and TROPOMI TOC. Comparisons with ground-based measurements from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre also revealed strong correlations (R > 0.9). Continuous zenith sky measurements from zenith scattered light differential optical absorption spectroscopy instruments in Antarctica were also used for validation (R = 0.9). The EMI-derived observations were able to account for the rapid change in TOC associated with the sudden stratospheric warming event in October 2019; monthly average TOC in October 2019 was 45% higher compared to October 2018. These results indicate that EMI TOC derived using the DOAS method is reliable and has the potential to be used for global TOC monitoring.

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ReGaS: SI-traceable Reference Mixtures of Reactive Trace Gases Produced by Mobile Generators

CHIMIA International Journal for Chemistry ◽

10.2533/chimia.2017.778 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 778-778

Author(s):

Céline Pascale ◽

Daiana Leuenberger ◽

Myriam Guillevic ◽

Andreas Ackermann ◽

Bernhard Niederhauser

Keyword(s):

Trace Gases ◽

Reactive Trace Gases

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Development of a new methodology for the retrieval of in-situ stratospheric trace gases concentration from airborne limb-absorption measurements

10.1117/12.454285 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

Andrea Petritoli ◽

Giorgio Giovanelli ◽

Fabrizio Ravegnani ◽

Daniele Bortoli ◽

Ivan K. Kostadinov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Gases ◽

Stratospheric Trace Gases ◽

Absorption Measurements

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Quantifying sources and sinks of trace gases using space-borne measurements: current and future science

Philosophical Transactions of The Royal Society A Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences ◽

10.1098/rsta.2008.0176 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 366 (1885) ◽

pp. 4509-4528 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Paul I Palmer

Keyword(s):

Trace Gases ◽

Lower Troposphere ◽

Biological Interactions ◽

Satellite Measurements ◽

Sources And Sinks ◽

The Past ◽

Fundamental Understanding ◽

Earth’S Climate ◽

New Generation

We have been observing the Earth's upper atmosphere from space for several decades, but only over the past decade has the necessary technology begun to match our desire to observe surface air pollutants and climate-relevant trace gases in the lower troposphere, where we live and breathe. A new generation of Earth-observing satellites, capable of probing the lower troposphere, are already orbiting hundreds of kilometres above the Earth's surface with several more ready for launch or in the planning stages. Consequently, this is one of the most exciting times for the Earth system scientists who study the countless current-day physical, chemical and biological interactions between the Earth's land, ocean and atmosphere. First, I briefly review the theory behind measuring the atmosphere from space, and how these data can be used to infer surface sources and sinks of trace gases. I then present some of the science highlights associated with these data and how they can be used to improve fundamental understanding of the Earth's climate system. I conclude the paper by discussing the future role of satellite measurements of tropospheric trace gases in mitigating surface air pollution and carbon trading.

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