Bacterial Colonization of Implants: Biofilms and Urinary Catheters

1992 ◽  
pp. 299-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madilyn Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Urinary Catheters

scholarly journals Novel Biocatalytic Polymer-Based Antimicrobial Coatings as Potential Ureteral Biomaterial: Preparation andIn VitroPerformance Evaluation

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachna N. Dave ◽  
Hiren M. Joshi ◽  
Vayalam P. Venugopalan
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Enzyme Concentration ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Antimicrobial Coatings ◽  
Modified Polymer ◽  
Release Studies ◽  
Rate Controlled ◽  
Antimicrobial Biomaterials

ABSTRACTCatheters and other indwelling devices placed inside human body are prone to bacterial infection, causing serious risk to patients. Infections associated with implants are difficult to resolve, and hence the prevention of bacterial colonization of such surfaces is quite appropriate. In this context, the development of novel antimicrobial biomaterials is currently gaining momentum. We describe here the preparation and antibacterial properties of an enzyme-embedded polycaprolactone (PCL)-based coating, coimpregnated with the antibiotic gentamicin sulfate (GS). The enzyme uses PCL itself as substrate; as a result, the antibiotic gets released at a rate controlled by the degradation of the PCL base.In vitrodrug release studies demonstrated sustained release of GS from the PCL film throughout its lifetime. By modulating the enzyme concentration in the PCL film, we were able to vary the lifetime of the coating from 33 h to 16 days. In the end, the polymer is completely degraded, delivering the entire load of the antibiotic. The polymer exhibited antibacterial properties against three test isolates:Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andStaphylococcus aureus. Foley urinary catheters coated with the modified polymer exhibited sustainedin vitrorelease of GS over a 60-h period. The results suggest that the antibiotic-plus-enzyme-loaded polymer can be used as tunable self-degrading antimicrobial biomaterial coating on catheters.

scholarly journals Slow Release of Nitric Oxide from Charged Catheters and Its Effect on Biofilm Formation by Escherichia coli

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilly Regev-Shoshani ◽  
Mary Ko ◽  
Chris Miller ◽  
Yossef Av-Gay
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Bacterial Concentration

ABSTRACT Catheter-associated urinary tract infection is the most prevalent cause of nosocomial infections. Bacteria associated with biofilm formation play a key role in the morbidity and pathogenesis of these infections. Nitric oxide (NO) is a naturally produced free radical with proven bactericidal effect. In this study, Foley urinary catheters were impregnated with gaseous NO. The catheters demonstrated slow release of nitric oxide over a 14-day period. The charged catheters were rendered antiseptic, and as such, were able to prevent bacterial colonization and biofilm formation on their luminal and exterior surfaces. In addition, we observed that NO-impregnated catheters were able to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli within the surrounding media, demonstrating the ability to eradicate a bacterial concentration of up to 104 CFU/ml.

scholarly journals Antibiofilm Activity of GlmU Enzyme Inhibitors against Catheter-Associated Uropathogens

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1835-1840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Burton ◽  
Purushottam V. Gawande ◽  
Nandadeva Yakandawala ◽  
Karen LoVetri ◽  
George G. Zhanel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Protamine Sulfate ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopy ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Confocal Scanning Laser

ABSTRACT The colonization of uropathogenic bacteria on urinary catheters resulting in biofilm formation frequently leads to the infection of surrounding tissue and often requires removal of the catheter. Infections associated with biofilms are difficult to treat since they may be more than 1,000 times more resistant to antibiotics than their planktonic counterparts. We have developed an antibiofilm composition comprising an N-acetyl-d-glucosamine-1-phosphate acetyltransferase (GlmU) inhibitor and protamine sulfate, a cationic polypeptide. The antibiofilm activity of GlmU inhibitors, such as iodoacetamide (IDA), N-ethyl maleimide (NEM), and NEM analogs, including N-phenyl maleimide, N,N′-(1,2-phenylene)dimaleimide (oPDM), and N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide (PyrM), was tested against that of catheter-associated uropathogens. Both IDA and NEM inhibited biofilm formation in Escherichia coli. All NEM analogs showed antibiofilm activity against clinical isolates of E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus faecalis. The combination of oPDM with protamine sulfate (PS) enhanced its antibiofilm activity and reduced its effective concentration to as low as 12.5 μM. In addition, we found that the in vitro inhibitory activity of oPDM-plus-PS-coated silicone catheters against P. aeruginosa and S. epidermidis colonization was superior to that of catheters coated with silver hydrogel. Confocal scanning laser microscopy further confirmed that the oPDM-plus-PS-coated silicone catheters were almost free from bacterial colonization. Thus, a broad-spectrum antibiofilm composition comprising a GlmU inhibitor and protamine sulfate shows promise for use in anti-infective coatings for medical devices, including urinary catheters.

scholarly journals Azithromycin-Ciprofloxacin-Impregnated Urinary Catheters Avert Bacterial Colonization, Biofilm Formation, and Inflammation in a Murine Model of Foreign-Body-Associated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Saini ◽  
Anitha Vadekeetil ◽  
Sanjay Chhibber ◽  
Kusum Harjai
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Silicone Implants ◽  
Urinary Catheters ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a multifaceted pathogen causing a variety of biofilm-mediated infections, including catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs). The high prevalence of CAUTIs in hospitals, their clinical manifestations, such as urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephritis, meningitis, urosepsis, and death, and the associated economic challenges underscore the need for management of these infections. Biomaterial modification of urinary catheters with two drugs seems an interesting approach to combat CAUTIs by inhibiting biofilm. Previously, we demonstrated the in vitro efficacy of urinary catheters impregnated with azithromycin (AZM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) against P. aeruginosa. Here, we report how these coated catheters impact the course of CAUTI induced by P. aeruginosa in a murine model. CAUTI was established in female LACA mice with uncoated or AZM-CIP-coated silicone implants in the bladder, followed by transurethral inoculation of 108 CFU/ml of biofilm cells of P. aeruginosa PAO1. AZM-CIP-coated implants (i) prevented biofilm formation on the implant's surface (P ≤ 0.01), (ii) restricted bacterial colonization in the bladder and kidney (P < 0.0001), (iii) averted bacteriuria (P < 0.0001), and (iv) exhibited no major histopathological changes for 28 days in comparison to uncoated implants, which showed persistent CAUTI. Antibiotic implants also overcame implant-mediated inflammation, as characterized by trivial levels of inflammatory markers such as malondialdehyde (P < 0.001), myeloperoxidase (P < 0.05), reactive oxygen species (P ≤ 0.001), and reactive nitrogen intermediates (P < 0.01) in comparison to those in uncoated implants. Further, AZM-CIP-coated implants showed immunomodulation by manipulating the release of inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 to the benefit of the host. Overall, the study demonstrates long-term in vivo effectiveness of AZM-CIP-impregnated catheters, which may possibly be a key to success in preventing CAUTIs.

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