The IFDM-SUPERFAST Area Source Model

1992 ◽  
pp. 13-29
Author(s):  
G. Cosemans ◽  
J. Kretzschmar ◽  
G. Maes ◽  
L. Janssen ◽  
J. Van Tongerloo
Keyword(s):  
Source Model ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Area Source Model

A comparative seismic hazard study for Azerbaijan Province in Iran

1981 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-362
Author(s):  
B. Rowshandel ◽  
S. Nemat-Nasser ◽  
R. B. Corotis
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Ground Motion ◽  
Line Source ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Strike Slip ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Area Source Model ◽  
Line Source Model

abstract Different seismic source models are used to estimate regional seismic hazard. Commonly used point, line, and area seismic sources are considered in addition to a new method which is obtained by modifying the line source model to take into account the uncertainty associated with the exact location of the line (i.e., fault). The results are presented in terms of cumulative functions of peak ground acceleration for major sites in the Azerbaijan Province of northwest Iran. Iso-acceleration maps for two different return periods are also developed for each seismic source model and a comparison is made among the results of the models. The point source model is shown to be unrealistic when used to model large shocks (Ms > 6.5), which correspond to long ruptures. The model cannot incorporate the fault length, thus ignoring possible spatial migration of seismicity along the fault. In addition, the actual attenuation of ground motion departs considerably from that associated with point source assumption. The conventional line source model, while providing a good representation of vertical strike-slip faults, cannot accurately model the seismicity in other cases, such as reverse faults in general, and thrust (low angle reverse) faults in particular. Epicenters for these latter cases do not lie along a line, as they do in case of vertical strike-slip faults. The area source model is used for those cases where the distribution of earthquake epicenters in a region does not follow any identifiable geological fault pattern. The spatial migration of seismicity along an active fault during a given exposure time is of vital importance in seismic hazard analysis. An analysis based on an area source model corresponds to assuming this migration will be equal in all directions. The theory of plate tectonics, however, suggests an elongated narrow zone corresponding to each fault. A fault line model is developed which exhibits less sensitivity of near-field ground motion to precise fault location than the line source model. This model is referred to as the strip source model. According to this model, the seismicity on a fault is spatially distributed in a long and narrow zone along the margins of the corresponding plates or microplates, and decreases with distance from the fault on either side. It is believed that this kind of modeling closely represents the seismicity corresponding to interplate earthquakes, especially when the type of faulting is thrust. Uncertainties due to the location and orientation of faults will be considerable, particularly for the buried faults, and these uncertainties can be incorporated in the strip source model.

A probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for the Turkish territory—part I: the area source model

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 3367-3397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Sesetyan ◽  
Mine B. Demircioglu ◽  
Tamer Y. Duman ◽  
Tolga Çan ◽  
Senem Tekin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Area Source Model

Queueing Algorithm for Calculating Idling Emissions in FLINT—the FLorida INTersection Air Quality Model

1997 ◽  
Vol 1587 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-136
Author(s):  
Haitham M. Al-Deek ◽  
Roger L. Wayson ◽  
C. David Cooper ◽  
Deb Keely ◽  
Richard Traynelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Queue Length ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Air Quality Model ◽  
Quality Model ◽  
Quality Models ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Queue Lengths ◽  
Area Source Model

The theoretical development of the queueing model used in the FLINT (FLorida INTersection) air quality model is described. FLINT is an area source model used to predict carbon monoxide concentrations for under-saturated and oversaturated traffic conditions at signalized intersections. In the FLINT model, deterministic queueing is used to estimate the queue length for cases of undersaturated conditions. In oversaturated cases, a cycle failure method has been developed to estimate queue length. In addition, a new concept is presented for calculating idling time for each vehicle’s position in the queue during both the red and the green phases of the traffic signal cycle. A limited set of undersaturated cases from monitoring data in Melrose Park, Illinois, was used to compare the predicted queue lengths with the measured queue lengths for several air quality models. It was found that FLINT predicted the queue length within one vehicle of the observed queue length. The same cases were tested using CAL3QHC, TEXIN2 intersection air quality models, and the American Automobile Manufacturers Association (AAMA) simulation model. It was found that predictions of the AAMA and the FLINT models were very close to the measured queue lengths in cases of undersaturated conditions. Moreover, although the FLINT and the AAMA models use a different approach to estimate queue length, their predicted queue lengths were very close in oversaturated cases. However, the predicted queue lengths of CAL3QHC were too long for oversaturated cases.

scholarly journals Tectonic styles of expected earthquakes in Italy as an input for seismic hazard modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Pondrelli ◽  
Francesco Visini ◽  
Andrea Rovida ◽  
Vera D'Amico ◽  
Bruno Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Tectonic Style

Abstract. Tectonic styles and distributions of nodal planes are an essential input for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. As a part of a recent elaboration of a new seismic hazard model for Italy, we adopted a cascade criteria approach to parametrize the tectonic style of expected earthquake ruptures and their uncertainty in an area-based seismicity model. Using available or recomputed seismic moment tensors for relevant seismic events (Mw starting from 4.5), first arrival focal mechanisms for less recent earthquakes, and also geological data on past activated faults, we collected a database for the last ~ 100 yrs gathering a thousand of data all over the Italian peninsula and regions around it. The adopted procedure consists, in each seismic zone, of separating the available seismic moment tensors in the three main tectonic styles, making summation within each group, identifying possible nodal plane(s) taking into account the different percentages of tectonic styles and including, where necessary, total or partial random source contributions. Referring to the used area source model, for several seismic zones we obtained robust results, e.g. along the southern Apennines we expect future earthquakes to be mostly extensional, although in the outer part of the chain strike-slip events are possible. In the Northern part of the Apennines we also expect different tectonic styles for different hypocentral depths. In zones characterized by a low seismic moment release, the possible tectonic style of future earthquakes is less clear and it has been represented using different combination (total or partial) of random sources.

scholarly journals Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for Bayankhongor aimag of Mongolia

2019 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Ankhtsetseg D ◽  
Odonbaatar Ch ◽  
Mоngоnsuren D ◽  
Bayarsaikhan E ◽  
Dembereldulam M
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Active Regions ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard ◽  
Probability Of Exceedance ◽  
Area Source

Central Asia is one of the seismically most active regions in the world. Its complex seismicity is due to the collision of the Eurasian and Indian plates, which has resulted in some of the world’s largest intra-plate events over history. The region is dominated by reverse faulting over strike slip and normal faulting events.The GSHAP project, aiming at hazard assessment on a global scale, indicates that the territory of Bayankhongor aimag, Mongolia, in Central Asia is characterized by maximum bedrock peak ground accelerations for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years as medium as in range of 80 to 160cm/s2. In this study, which has been carried out within the framework of the project “Seismic microzoning map of center of 12 aimags, Mongolia”, the area source model and different kernel approaches are used for a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment for the Mongolia. The seismic hazard is assessed considering shallow (depth <50 km) seismicity only and employs an updated (with respect to previous projects) earthquake catalogue for the region. The hazard maps, shown in terms of 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, are derived by using the Open Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment (ODPSHA), which is based on the Cornell methodology. The maximum hazard observed in the region reaches 93-98 cm/s2 , which in intensity corresponds to VII in MSK64 scale in the centre of Bayankhongor aimag for 475 years mean return period.

scholarly journals Style of faulting of expected earthquakes in Italy as an input for seismic hazard modeling

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3577-3592
Author(s):  
Silvia Pondrelli ◽  
Francesco Visini ◽  
Andrea Rovida ◽  
Vera D'Amico ◽  
Bruno Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Seismic Moment ◽  
Outer Part ◽  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Seismic Zone ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Seismic Moment Release

Abstract. The style of faulting and distributions of nodal planes are essential input for probabilistic seismic hazard assessment. As part of a recent elaboration of a new seismic hazard model for Italy, we defined criteria to parameterize the styles of faulting of expected earthquake ruptures and to evaluate their representativeness in an area-based seismicity model. Using available seismic moment tensors for relevant seismic events (Mw≥4.5), first arrival focal mechanisms for less recent earthquakes, and also geological data on past activated faults, we collected a database for the last ∼100 years by gathering a thousand data points for the Italian peninsula and regions around it. In this dataset, we adopted a procedure that consists, in each seismic zone, of separating the available seismic moment tensors into the three main tectonic styles, making a summation within each group, identifying possible nodal plane(s), taking into account the different percentages of styles of faulting, and including where necessary total or partial (even in terms of tectonic style) random source contributions. Referring to the area source model used, for several seismic zones we obtained robust results; e.g., along the central and southern Apennines we expect future earthquakes to be mostly extensional, although in the outer part of the chain reverse and strike-slip events are possible. In the northern part of the Apennines we expect different styles of faulting for different hypocentral depths. In zones characterized by a low seismic moment release, the possible style of faulting of future earthquakes is less clear and it has been represented using different combinations of random sources. The robustness of our results is confirmed when compared with recent relevant earthquakes occurring in Italy.

Optimization of Sound Source Model for the Simulation of High Speed Train Interior Noise Using Finite Element Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 1061-1062 ◽  
pp. 776-779
Author(s):  
Di Wu ◽  
Jian Min Ge
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Sound Field ◽  
Source Model ◽  
High Speed Train ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Element Method

When finite element method was adopted in acoustic analysis, area source was defaulted to be of the same amplitude and phase in its whole region. While in practical, there are differences in amplitude and phase between different parts of the area. In this paper, the area source was divided into several sub-area sources so that the source can be modeled with higher accuracy. The optimized area sources were used in simulation of interior sound field of high-speed train. Calculations prove that the simulated result has very good agreement with the measured one.

Development and characterization of a seismic source model for the Jalisco-Colima-Michoacán region, Western Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Peláez ◽  
Rashad Sawires ◽  
Miguel A. Santoyo ◽  
Jesús Henares
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
B Value ◽  
Source Model ◽  
Spreading Center ◽  
Stress Regime ◽  
Area Source ◽  
Seismicity Parameters ◽  
Seismic Source Model

&lt;p&gt;The Mexican subduction zone, the Gulf of California spreading center, as well as the triple junction point around the Jalisco and the Michoac&amp;#225;n Blocks, represents the most active seismogenic belts inducing seismic hazard in the Jalisco-Colima-Michoac&amp;#225;n region. Herein, considering such seismotectonic setting, we have developed a new seismic source model for the surrounding of this zone to be used as an input to the assessment of the seismic hazard of the region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This new model is based on revised Poissonian earthquake (1787-2018) and focal mechanism (1963-2015) catalogs, as well as crustal thickness data and all information about the geometry of the subducting slabs. The proposed model consists of a total of 37 area sources, comprising the three different possible categories of seismicity: shallow crustal, interface subduction, and inslab earthquakes. A special care was taken during the delimitation of the boundaries for each area source to ensure that they represent a relatively homogeneous seismotectonic region, and to include a relatively large number of earthquakes that enable us to compute, as reliable as possible, seismicity parameters.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Actually, the sources zones were delimited following the standard criteria of assessing a probabilistic seismic hazard, being characterized in terms of their seismicity parameters (annual rate of earthquakes above Mw 4.0, b-value, and maximum expected magnitude), mean seismogenic depth, as well as the predominant stress regime. The proposed seismic source model defines and characterizes regionalized potential seismic sources that can contribute to the seismic hazard at the Jalisco-Colima-Michoac&amp;#225;n region, providing the necessary information for seismic hazard estimates.&lt;/p&gt;

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