Pulse Radiolysis of Onium Salts and Radiation-Induced Cationic Polymerization

1993 ◽  
pp. 555-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Onium Salts ◽  
Radiation Induced

Combined Electron-Beam and Biological Purification of Industrial Wastewater from Surfactant

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Pikaev ◽  
S. A. Kabakchi ◽  
A. V. Putilov ◽  
L. I. Kaipov ◽  
B. M. Vanyushkin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Biological Purification ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractThe paper is a review of the results obtained in our laboratories from the study on the mechanism and technology of combined electron-beam and biological purification of industrial wastewater from non-biodegradable hard surfactants. They are a mixture of isomeric isobutylnaphthalene sulfonates which is known as nekal and is utilized as an emulsifier in the production of synthetic rubber, for example, at the Voronezh plant in Russia. The electron irradiation is used for the conversion of nekal to biodegradable products by the removal of alkyl or sulfonate groups from the molecule (with the formation of naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalenes and naphthalene). Different experimental techniques were applied to elucidate the mechanism of the respective radiation-induced processes. For example, it was found by pulse radiolysis that

Studies of radiation-induced reactions of ethylene in aqueous solution II. Reactions in the presence of oxygen as studied by pulse radiolysis and γ -irradiation techniques

1967 ◽  
Vol 300 (1463) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

The radiolysis of dilute aqueous solutions containing ethylene and oxygen has been investigated. Pulse radiolysis was used to measure the rate constants for the addition of hydroxyl radicals to ethylene, the binary decomposition of the resulting hydroxyethyl radicals and their addition to ethylene and reaction with oxygen to yield peroxy radicals. The rate constants have also been determined for the mutual interaction of the peroxy radicals and their reaction with ferrous ions. The principal products of γ -irradiation were aldehydes and organic hydroperoxides. Hydrogen peroxide was found in yields close to the molecular yield from water. The polymer produced in the absence of oxygen was not formed, and glycollaldehyde, reported as a major product by previous workers, could not be detected. At constant composition of the gas mixtures, product yields were unaffected by total pressure in the range up to 40 atm, but were strongly dependent on the proportion of oxygen. Aldehyde yields were markedly greater at pH 1.2 than in neutral solution. The influence of ferrous ions an d of added hydrogen peroxide has been determined. The pulse radiolysis and γ -irradiation experiments complement one another and show that the radiation-induced oxidation of ethylene in aqueous solution involves the same primary reactions as occur in the absence of oxygen, followed by the formation and further reactions of peroxy radicals.

The radiation-induced formation of excited states of aromatic hydrocarbons in alicyclic hydrocarbons I. Yields of excited singlet and triplet state solute molecules

1975 ◽  
Vol 347 (1648) ◽  
pp. 61-73 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Transfer ◽  
Excited States ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Intersystem Crossing ◽  
Excited Singlet ◽  
Excited Triplet ◽  
Upper Limit ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
A Minor

The dependences on concentration of the yield of excited triplet naphthalene, G ( 3 Naph٭), and of the radiation-induced fluorescence obtained on pulse radiolysis of solutions of naphthalene in cyclopentane, cyclooctane and decalin are reported. The yields of singlet excited naphthalene, G( 1 Naph٭), formed on pulse radiolysis of these solutions have been determined by comparing the intensity of the radiation-induced fluorescence with that obtained on photo excitation and the extent of formation of 3 Naph٭ by intersystem crossing, G ( 3 Naph٭) i. s. c., is assessed. Upper limit yields of solvent excited states, G ( 1 RH٭), were determined by measuring the extent of singlet energy transfer to toluene. It is concluded that energy transfer from solvent excited states plays a minor role in the formation of excited states of aromatic solutes.

Effects of an Electron Acceptor on the Radiation-Induced Cationic Polymerization of α-Methylstyrene

1977 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Yamamoto ◽  
Akira Morinaka ◽  
Masahiro Irie ◽  
Koichiro Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Acceptor ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Radiation Induced

The radiation-induced formation of excited states of aromatic hydrocarbons in benzene and cyclohexane, II. Yields of excited singlet and triplet state solute molecules

1972 ◽  
Vol 328 (1575) ◽  
pp. 457-479 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Excited States ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Singlet State ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Excited Singlet State ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Triplet States ◽  
Excited Singlet ◽  
Concentration Dependences ◽  
Radiation Induced

The concentration dependences of the yield of excited triplet states, G ( 3 S*), and the concentration dependences of the relative yield of radiation-induced fluorescence obtained on pulse radiolysis of solutions of naphthalene, anthracene, pyrene and 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO) are reported. The yields of excited singlet state solute molecules, G ( 1 S*), formed on pulse radiolysis of naphthalene-cyclohexane and naphthalene-benzene solutions has been determined by comparing the intensity of the radiation-induced fluorescence with that obtained on photo-excitation. It is concluded that intersystem crossing (i.s.c.) from the excited singlet state is an important process in the formation of the high yield of triplet excited states of the solute. Under certain conditions this process accounts for up to 50 % of G ( 3 S*) in cyclohexane and the entire G ( 3 S*) in benzene solutions.

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