Combined Electron-Beam and Biological Purification of Industrial Wastewater from Surfactant

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Pikaev ◽  
S. A. Kabakchi ◽  
A. V. Putilov ◽  
L. I. Kaipov ◽  
B. M. Vanyushkin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Industrial Wastewater ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Experimental Techniques ◽  
Biological Purification ◽  
Synthetic Rubber ◽  
Radiation Induced

AbstractThe paper is a review of the results obtained in our laboratories from the study on the mechanism and technology of combined electron-beam and biological purification of industrial wastewater from non-biodegradable hard surfactants. They are a mixture of isomeric isobutylnaphthalene sulfonates which is known as nekal and is utilized as an emulsifier in the production of synthetic rubber, for example, at the Voronezh plant in Russia. The electron irradiation is used for the conversion of nekal to biodegradable products by the removal of alkyl or sulfonate groups from the molecule (with the formation of naphthalene sulfonate, alkyl naphthalenes and naphthalene). Different experimental techniques were applied to elucidate the mechanism of the respective radiation-induced processes. For example, it was found by pulse radiolysis that

scholarly journals RADIATION-INDUCED GROWTH EPITAXIAL CASI2 FILM

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Kacyuba ◽  
Anatoly Dvurechenskii ◽  
Gennady Kamaev ◽  
Vladimir Volodin ◽  
Viktor Kirienko
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Light Scattering ◽  
Molecular Beam Epitaxy ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Silicon Substrate ◽  
Molecular Beam ◽  
Raman Light Scattering ◽  
Radiation Induced

In this work investigated crystal structure of films formed by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of CaSi2 on Si (111), under electron irradiation by the method of Raman light scattering (RS), it was found that a CaSi2 film is formed at the interface between the silicon substrate and the epitaxially growing CaF2 film under the influence of an electron beam.

Radiation-Induced Precipitation at Thin Foil Surfaces in Ni-Be Alloys

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 598-599
Author(s):  
T. Mukai ◽  
T. E. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Homogeneous Precipitation ◽  
High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽  
Voltage Electron ◽  
High Voltage Electron ◽  
Radiation Induced

Radiation-induced homogeneous precipitation in Ni-Be alloys was recently observed by high voltage electron microscopy. A coupling of interstitial flux with solute Be atoms is responsible for the precipitation. The present investigation further shows that precipitation is also induced at thin foil surfaces by electron irradiation under a high vacuum.

Electron Irradiation of YBa2Cu3O7 at low Temperatures

1987 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Stritzker ◽  
W. Zander ◽  
F. Dworschak ◽  
U. Poppe ◽  
K. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Transition Temperature ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Normal State ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Superconducting Transition Temperature ◽  
Superconducting Transition ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
State Resistance ◽  
Normal State Resistance

ABSTRACTBulk samples of YBa2Cu3O7−x have been homogenously irradiated with 3 MeV electrons at temperatures below 20 K. Whereas the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, drops dramatically with increasing dose the width of the transition remains unchanged (Δ Tc ≤ 1.5 K). The normal state resistance at 100 K increases substantially during the electron irradiation. Several irreproducible experiments can be interpreted with a radiation induced, unstable increase of Tc.

Radiation-induced defects in montebrasite: An electron paramagnetic resonance study of O – hole and Ti3+ electron centers

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (7) ◽  
pp. 1051-1059
Author(s):  
José R. Toledo ◽  
Raphaela de Oliveira ◽  
Lorena N. Dias ◽  
Mário L.C. Chaves ◽  
Joachim Karfunkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Electron Irradiation ◽  
Color Centers ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Induced Defects ◽  
Electron Paramagnetic ◽  
Hole Centers

Abstract Montebrasite is a lithium aluminum phosphate mineral with the chemical formula LiAlPO4(Fx,OH1–x) and considered a rare gemstone material when exhibiting good crystallinity. In general, montebrasite is colorless, sometimes pale yellow or pale blue. Many minerals that do not have colors contain hydroxyl ions in their crystal structures and can develop color centers after ionization or particle irradiation, examples of which are topaz, quartz, and tourmaline. The color centers in these minerals are often related to O− hole centers, where the color is produced by bound small polarons inducing absorption bands in the near UV to the visible spectral range. In this work, colorless montebrasite specimens from Minas Gerais state, Brazil, were investigated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for radiation-induced defects and color centers. Although γ irradiation (up to a total dose of 1 MGy) did not visibly modify color, a 10 MeV electron irradiation (80 MGy) induced a pale greenish-blue color. Using EPR, O− hole centers were identified in both γ- or electron-irradiated montebrasite samples showing superhyperfine interactions with two nearly equivalent 27Al nuclei. In addition, two different Ti3+ electron centers were also observed. From the γ irradiation dose dependency and thermal stability experiments, it is concluded that production of O− hole centers is limited by simultaneous creation of Ti3+ electron centers located between two equivalent hydroxyl groups. In contrast, the concentration of O− hole centers can be strongly increased by high-dose electron irradiation independent of the type of Ti3+ electron centers. From detailed analysis of the EPR angular rotation patterns, microscopic models for the O− hole and Ti3+ electron centers are presented, as well as their role in the formation of color centers discussed and compared to other minerals.

Studies of radiation-induced reactions of ethylene in aqueous solution II. Reactions in the presence of oxygen as studied by pulse radiolysis and γ -irradiation techniques

1967 ◽  
Vol 300 (1463) ◽  
pp. 443-454 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Rate Constants ◽  
Pulse Radiolysis ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Peroxy Radicals ◽  
Ferrous Ions ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Radiation Induced

The radiolysis of dilute aqueous solutions containing ethylene and oxygen has been investigated. Pulse radiolysis was used to measure the rate constants for the addition of hydroxyl radicals to ethylene, the binary decomposition of the resulting hydroxyethyl radicals and their addition to ethylene and reaction with oxygen to yield peroxy radicals. The rate constants have also been determined for the mutual interaction of the peroxy radicals and their reaction with ferrous ions. The principal products of γ -irradiation were aldehydes and organic hydroperoxides. Hydrogen peroxide was found in yields close to the molecular yield from water. The polymer produced in the absence of oxygen was not formed, and glycollaldehyde, reported as a major product by previous workers, could not be detected. At constant composition of the gas mixtures, product yields were unaffected by total pressure in the range up to 40 atm, but were strongly dependent on the proportion of oxygen. Aldehyde yields were markedly greater at pH 1.2 than in neutral solution. The influence of ferrous ions an d of added hydrogen peroxide has been determined. The pulse radiolysis and γ -irradiation experiments complement one another and show that the radiation-induced oxidation of ethylene in aqueous solution involves the same primary reactions as occur in the absence of oxygen, followed by the formation and further reactions of peroxy radicals.

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