Landscape Management and Resident Generalist Predators in Annual Crop Systems

2000 ◽  
pp. 169-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riccardo Bommarco ◽  
Barbara Ekbom
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Annual Crop

The Look of the Land: Homeowner Landscape Management and Wildfire Preparedness in Minnesota and Florida

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRISTEN C. NELSON ◽  
MARTHA C. MONROE ◽  
JAYNE FINGERMAN JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
The Look

scholarly journals Modelling Bronze Age sheepherding and wool production: the case of the Terramara settlement at Montale, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-204
Author(s):  
Serena Sabatini
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Textile ◽  
Pastoral Economy ◽  
The Bronze Age

AbstractArguing for an integrated wool-textile economy in the Bronze Age, this paper assesses characteristics and scale of pastoral economy and sheepherding at the Terramare settlement of Montale (Modena province, Italy). Previous studies argued that Montale was a Bronze Age centre of wool production. The present work enhances the understanding of the local textile economy by investigating the evidence for sheepherding and landscape management at the site. It also proposes an interdisciplinary-based approach to investigate and reconstruct pastoral economy and sheepherding strategies in other prehistoric contexts as well.

scholarly journals Prey removal in cotton crops next to woodland reveals periodic diurnal and nocturnal invertebrate predation gradients from the crop edge by birds and bats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L. Kolkert ◽  
Rhiannon Smith ◽  
Romina Rader ◽  
Nick Reid
Keyword(s):  
Pest Control ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Optimal Foraging Theory ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Foraging Preferences ◽  
Experimental Feeding ◽  
Natural Pest Control

AbstractFactors influencing the efficacy of insectivorous vertebrates in providing natural pest control services inside crops at increasing distances from the crop edge are poorly understood. We investigated the identity of vertebrate predators (birds and bats) and removal of sentinel prey (mealworms and beetles) from experimental feeding trays in cotton crops using prey removal trials, camera traps and observations. More prey was removed during the day than at night, but prey removal was variable at the crop edge and dependent on the month (reflecting crop growth and cover) and time of day. Overall, the predation of mealworms and beetles was 1-times and 13-times greater during the day than night, respectively, with predation on mealworms 3–5 times greater during the day than night at the crop edge compared to 95 m inside the crop. Camera traps identified many insectivorous birds and bats over crops near the feeding trays, but there was no evidence of bats or small passerines removing experimental prey. A predation gradient from the crop edge was evident, but only in some months. This corresponded to the foraging preferences of open-space generalist predators (magpies) in low crop cover versus the shrubby habitat preferred by small passerines, likely facilitating foraging away from the crop edge later in the season. Our results are in line with Optimal Foraging Theory and suggest that predators trade-off foraging behaviour with predation risk at different distances from the crop edge and levels of crop cover. Understanding the optimal farm configuration to support insectivorous bird and bat populations can assist farmers to make informed decisions regarding in-crop natural pest control and maximise the predation services provided by farm biodiversity.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Pest Non-Marine Molluscs: A Pacific Perspective on Risks to Non-Target Organisms

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 583
Author(s):  
Carl C. Christensen ◽  
Robert H. Cowie ◽  
Norine W. Yeung ◽  
Kenneth A. Hayes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Pacific Islands ◽  
Generalist Predators ◽  
Snail Species ◽  
Marine Mollusk ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ecosystem Level ◽  
Scientific Framework

Classic biological control of pest non-marine mollusks has a long history of disastrous outcomes, and despite claims to the contrary, few advances have been made to ensure that contemporary biocontrol efforts targeting mollusks are safe and effective. For more than half a century, malacologists have warned of the dangers in applying practices developed in the field of insect biological control, where biocontrol agents are often highly host-specific, to the use of generalist predators and parasites against non-marine mollusk pests. Unfortunately, many of the lessons that should have been learned from these failed biocontrol programs have not been rigorously applied to contemporary efforts. Here, we briefly review the failures of past non-marine mollusk biocontrol efforts in the Pacific islands and their adverse environmental impacts that continue to reverberate across ecosystems. We highlight the fact that none of these past programs has ever been demonstrated to be effective against targeted species, and at least two (the snails Euglandina spp. and the flatworm Platydemus manokwari) are implicated in the extinction of hundreds of snail species endemic to Pacific islands. We also highlight other recent efforts, including the proposed use of sarcophagid flies and nematodes in the genus Phasmarhabditis, that clearly illustrate the false claims that past bad practices are not being repeated. We are not making the claim that biocontrol programs can never be safe and effective. Instead, we hope that in highlighting the need for robust controls, clear and measurable definitions of success, and a broader understanding of ecosystem level interactions within a rigorous scientific framework are all necessary before claims of success can be made by biocontrol advocates. Without such amendments to contemporary biocontrol programs, it will be impossible to avoid repeating the failures of non-marine mollusk biocontrol programs to date.

scholarly journals More milkweed in farmlands containing small, annual crop fields and many hedgerows

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 107567
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Martin ◽  
Greg W. Mitchell ◽  
Judith M. Girard ◽  
Lenore Fahrig
Keyword(s):  
Annual Crop ◽  
Crop Fields

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of Different Modelling Schemes and Their Applicability to Inland Small Reservoirs: A Central Europe Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10692
Author(s):  
Petr Pelikán ◽  
Věra Hubačíková ◽  
Tatiana Kaletová ◽  
Jakub Fuska
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Landscape Management ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Shore Protection ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Design Wind Speed ◽  
Run Up ◽  
American Society ◽  
Sustainable Landscape Management

Sustainable landscape management involve also water reservoir management. The demand of their reconstruction represents a good opportunity for redesigning hydrotechnical structures and their parameters using recent methods and models. The estimation of wind-driven waves on small water reservoirs and their effects on water reservoir structures rarely are applied, although it is an important part of the dam height calculation. The analysis of wave run-up on the upstream face of the dam was performed by means of the Slovak Technical Standard (STN), Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM), Shore Protection Manual (SPM) and model designed by American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE). The estimations of the wave characteristics differ depending on the model; wave height (H13%) within the range 0.32–0.56 m, wave period 1.32–2.11 s and run-up (R2%) 0.84–1.68 m under conditions of design wind speed 25 m·s−1. Results obtained by CEM, SPM models predict lower values than STN and ASABE models. Since the height difference between the dam crest and still water level in the reservoir is only 0.90 m, we can expect overtopping of the crest by waves after the critical wind speed is exceeded.

Producing wood at least cost to biodiversity: integrating T riad and sharing–sparing approaches to inform forest landscape management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew G. Betts ◽  
Benjamin T. Phalan ◽  
Christopher Wolf ◽  
Susan C. Baker ◽  
Christian Messier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Management ◽  
Forest Landscape
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