Heritability of first-order lateral root number in Quercus: implication for artificial regeneration of stands

2000 ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Paul P. Kormanik ◽  
Shi-Jean S. Sung ◽  
Taryn L. Kormanik ◽  
Stanley J. Zarnoch ◽  
Scott Schlarbaum
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Artificial Regeneration ◽  
First Order

scholarly journals Growth Comparisons Between Open-pollinated Progeny of Sugar Maple Grown Under Shade and in Full Sunlight

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.L. Clark ◽  
S.E. Schlarbaum
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Full Sunlight ◽  
First Order ◽  
Root Collar

Progeny from two open-pollinated mother trees were grown for 1 year in a commercial tree nursery in Murphy, N.C. Shade cloths were applied to one half of the seed plots from each mother tree and the other half were exposed to full sunlight. Seedlings were fertilized throughout the growing season to increase growth performance for better discernment of progeny and shade effects. Seedlings in shaded plots were significantly taller and had larger root collar diameters (RCD) than unshaded seedlings. An interaction between progeny and shade effects on first-order lateral root number indicates that genetic or other unknown factors were affecting the seedlings' response to changes in light. Results indicate that the use of shade cloths in nurseries may improve seedling quality of 1-0 sugar maple in the southern portion of the species range.

scholarly journals Entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae promotes the early development of peanut root

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu Shao-Fang ◽  
Wang Guang-Jun ◽  
Nong Xiang-Qun ◽  
Liu Bin ◽  
Wang Miao-Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Early Development ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Metarhizium Anisopliae ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Gradual Decline ◽  
Significant Difference

The benefit of the entomopathogen Metarhizium anisopliae to early root development was evaluated. Two inoculating methods, conidia-suspension-drenching (T<sub>1</sub>) and conidia-coating (T<sub>2</sub>), were used when sowing peanut. The results showed that taproot length and lateral root number in T<sub>1</sub> significantly increased compared to the control (T<sub>0</sub>) in days 4–10 after treatment, whereas no significant difference was found between T<sub>2</sub> and T<sub>0</sub>. The fungal density by T<sub>1</sub> and T<sub>2</sub> fluctuated in the first 8 days, followed by a gradual decline. The ratio of the taproot length or lateral root number in T<sub>1 </sub>and T<sub>0</sub> was significant relative to the fungal persistence. It suggested that M. anisopliae promotes peanut root development and should be considered as important factor in plant protection besides pest controls.

scholarly journals Strigolactones Control Root System Architecture and Tip Anatomy in Solanum lycopersicum L. Plants under P Starvation

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Santoro ◽  
Michela Schiavon ◽  
Francesco Gresta ◽  
Andrea Ertani ◽  
Francesca Cardinale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Primary Root ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Root System Architecture ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
P Supply

The hormones strigolactones accumulate in plant roots under phosphorus (P) shortage, inducing variations in plant phenotype. In this study, we aimed at understanding whether strigolactones control morphological and anatomical changes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) roots under varying P supply. Root traits were evaluated in wild-type seedlings grown in high vs. low P, with or without exogenous strigolactones, and in wild-type and strigolactone-depleted plants grown first under high vs. no P, and then under high vs. no P after acclimation on low P. Exogenous strigolactones stimulated primary root and lateral root number under low P. Root growth was reduced in strigolactone-depleted plants maintained under continuous P deprivation. Total root and root hair length, lateral root number and root tip anatomy were impaired by low strigolactone biosynthesis in plants grown under low P or transferred from low to no P. Under adequate P conditions, root traits of strigolactone-depleted and wild-type plants were similar. Concluding, our results indicate that strigolactones (i) control macro- and microscopic changes of root in tomato depending on P supply; and (ii) do not affect root traits significantly when plants are supplemented with adequate P, but are needed for acclimation to no P and typical responses to low P.

Effects of Biochar on Acid Black Soil Nutrient, Soybean Root and Yield

2012 ◽  
Vol 524-527 ◽  
pp. 2278-2289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Da Wei Yin ◽  
Jun Meng ◽  
Gui Ping Zheng ◽  
Xue Mei Zhong ◽  
Lan Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Mature Period

This research focuses on studying the effects of biochar on acidic soil nutrient, soybean production, root and plant height,using the method of pot plant simulation for soybean cultivation patterns in three ridging test. Biochar was applied for pot with set 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25t hm-2. Biochar, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, urea and potassium chloride were fully mixed then sampled on soybean clover stage (V3), full bloom stage (R2) and the early mature stage (R7).This research examined the soybean root index. At the early mature stage (R7), soil samples were blown dry and examined chemical index. During the mature period (R8), we examined the yield and plant height. The results showed that, with the increase of the content of the biochar, available potassium，and organic matter was increased significantly, increasing 77.69mgkg-1, and 7.56gkg-1 compared with control respectively. The root dry weight, main root length, lateral root number, total length, lateral root number, root dry weight of the maximum was respectively increased by 80.85%, 100%, 33.86%, 167.74%, 26.31% and 80.41% than control in early mature stage. The yield increased by 35.97% compared with control.

scholarly journals The Right-Skewed Distribution of Fine-Root Size in Three Temperate Forests in Northeastern China

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cunguo Wang ◽  
Ivano Brunner ◽  
Junni Wang ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Zhenzhen Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Fine Roots ◽  
Fine Root ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Northeastern China ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
Root Number ◽  
First Order ◽  
Fine Root Length ◽  
Root Size

Trees can build fine-root systems with high variation in root size (e.g., fine-root diameter) and root number (e.g., branching pattern) to optimize belowground resource acquisition in forest ecosystems. Compared with leaves, which are visible above ground, information about the distribution and inequality of fine-root size and about key associations between fine-root size and number is still limited. We collected 27,573 first-order fine-roots growing out of 3,848 second-order fine-roots, covering 51 tree species in three temperate forests (Changbai Mountain, CBS; Xianrendong, XRD; and Maoershan, MES) in Northeastern China. We investigated the distribution and inequality of fine-root length, diameter and area (fine-root size), and their trade-off with fine-root branching intensity and ratio (fine-root number). Our results showed a strong right-skewed distribution in first-order fine-root size across various tree species. Unimodal frequency distributions were observed in all three of the sampled forests for first-order fine-root length and area and in CBS and XRD for first-order fine-root diameter, whereas a marked bimodal frequency distribution of first-order fine-root diameter appeared in MES. Moreover, XRD had the highest and MES had the lowest inequality values (Gini coefficients) in first-order fine-root diameter. First-order fine-root size showed a consistently linear decline with increasing root number. Our findings suggest a common right-skewed distribution with unimodality or bimodality of fine-root size and a generalized trade-off between fine-root size and number across the temperate tree species. Our results will greatly improve our thorough understanding of the belowground resource acquisition strategies of temperate trees and forests.

scholarly journals Propagation of Magnolia virginiana ‘Santa Rosa’ by Semi-Hardwood Cuttings

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-48
Author(s):  
Jason J. Griffin ◽  
Frank A. Blazich ◽  
Thomas G. Ranney
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Root Number ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
First Order ◽  
Factorial Combination

Abstract Terminal, semi-hardwood cuttings (tips of first-order laterals) of Magnolia virginiana L. ‘Santa Rosa’ (‘Santa Rosa’ sweetbay) were collected on November 13, 1997, and treated with 0, 6, 12 or 25 mM (0.0, 0.13, 0.25 or 0.5%) indolebutyric acid (IBA) in factorial combination with equivalent mM concentrations of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) (0.0, 0.11, 0.23 or 0.46%). Rooting was maximized (83%) for cuttings treated with 25 mM (0.5%) IBA alone. Percent rooting for treatments of NAA alone or in combination with IBA never exceeded that of IBA alone at 12 or 25 mM (0.25% or 0.5%). Root number and root length were unaffected by any treatment with means of 2.4 roots and 10 cm (4 in), respectively.

Differential Response of First-Order Lateral Root Elongation to Low Potassium Involves Nitric Oxide in Two Tobacco Cultivars

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjing Song ◽  
Ren Xue ◽  
Yao Song ◽  
Yang Bi ◽  
Zhihao Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Root Elongation ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
First Order ◽  
Low Potassium

Ontogeny of Eucalyptus pilularis – Pisolithus tinctorius ectomycorrhizae. I. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1927-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. B. Massicotte ◽  
R. L. Peterson ◽  
A. E. Ashford
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Root ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Pisolithus Tinctorius ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Lateral Root Development ◽  
First Order ◽  
Hartig Net ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Roots ◽  
Eucalyptus Pilularis

Eucalyptus pilularis Sm. seedlings were grown in growth pouches and inoculated with the broad host range ectomycorrhizal fungus Pisolithus tinctorius (Pers.) Coker & Couch. External morphology and internal structure of all stages of ectomycorrhiza formation on first-order and second-order laterals were studied. The morphology of the ectomycorrhiza is dependent on the stage of lateral root development at the time of colonization by fungal hyphae. Emerging lateral roots are colonized by hyphae originating from the inner mantle of the parent root. The Hartig net does not spread internally from the parent root to the lateral root. All primary tissues of mycorrhizal lateral roots are differentiated close to the apical meristem. The epidermal cells undergo a marked increased in radial growth instead of the usual elongation in the axial plane. The hypodermis is a barrier to the penetration of hyphae so that Hartig net formation is paradermal only. Older portions of ectomycorrhizal roots show a degeneration of the epidermis, hypodermis, and cortex excluding the endodermis, and a proliferation of hyphae in these senescing tissues.

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