The International Encyclopedia of Higher Education Systems and Institutions

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
International Encyclopedia

Practical Approaches to Higher Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Kotzmann
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Human Rights Based Approach

This chapter explores the real-life operation of six higher education systems that align with the theoretical models identified in Chapter 2. Three states follow a largely market-based approach: Chile, England, and the United States. Three states follow a largely human rights-based approach: Finland, Iceland, and Sweden. The chapter describes each system in terms of how it aligns with the particular model before evaluating the system in relation to the signs and measures of successful higher education systems identified in Chapter 3. This chapter provides conclusions as to the relative likelihood of each approach facilitating the achievement of higher education teaching and learning purposes.

scholarly journals Higher Education in Western Balkans: Recent Trends and Challenges

2016 ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Brajkovic
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Systematic Data ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Systematic Data Collection

Due to the lack of systematic data collection on national and institutional levels, the higher education systems in the Western Balkans have remained under-researched. This article aims to describe and analyze some of the most salient challenges facing academic sectors in these countries, such as structural issues, growth of the private sector, and EU funding.

scholarly journals The Early Career Paths and Employment Conditions of the Academic Profession in 17 Countries

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (S1) ◽  
pp. S7-S33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Bennion ◽  
William Locke
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Career Paths ◽  
Research Collaboration ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Academic Profession ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
National Differences

The expansion of higher education systems, new demands on institutions and growing pressures on resources have become common trends across most developed countries. They bring increased expectations of academic staff and appear to lead to greater differentiation in their work roles and activities. At the same time, the backgrounds of some academics are changing and they are developing new specialisms and interdisciplinary collaborations, becoming more mobile domestically and internationally and, for some, the profession is becoming increasingly insecure. The Changing Academic Profession study has produced a rich set of data on the preparation of academics for their roles and the individual circumstances of their working lives, among other aspects of the profession. Respondents to the survey reported on the degrees they have attained, the countries in which they studied for them, the age at which they qualified and the nature of the doctoral training they received. This paper explores the early career paths of academics, makes initial comparisons between different higher education systems and begins to explore how some of these national systems interrelate with each other through academic mobility. Respondents also reported on the disciplines they studied and now teach, the number of institutions worked in and their contractual conditions and income. These data give an indication of the various degrees of flexibility and mobility required of – or chosen by – academics in the early and later stages of their careers and the stability, or perhaps rigidity, of different higher education systems and national career patterns. The data also supplement other evidence of the employment conditions and remuneration of scholars in an increasingly globalised academic labour market.1,2 The conditions of academic work are explored through analysis of the views of survey respondents on the facilities, resources and personnel needed to support it and the degree of research collaboration undertaken. Academics from the 17 countries in the study seem more content with the physical and technical resources provided by their institutions than the personnel and funds available to support teaching and research. Finally, it is suggested that the propensity for collaborative or individual research may be partially related to national differences in academics’ mobility during their training for the profession.

scholarly journals The higher education space: connecting degree programs from individuals’ choices

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Candia ◽  
Sara Encarnação ◽  
Flávio L. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
First Year ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Degree Programs ◽  
Education Systems ◽  
Higher Education Systems ◽  
Female Candidates ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Governance In Higher Education

AbstractData on the applicants’ revealed preferences when entering higher education is used as a proxy to build the Higher Education Space (HES) of Portugal (2008–2015) and Chile (2006–2017). The HES is a network that connects pairs of degree programs according to their co-occurrence in the applicants’ preferences. We show that both HES network structures reveal the existence of positive assortment in features such as gender balance, application scores, unemployment levels, academic demand/supply ratio, geographical mobility, and first-year drop-out rates. For instance, if a degree program exhibits a high prevalence of female candidates, its nearest degree programs in the HES will also tend to exhibit a higher prevalence when compared to the prevalence in the entire system. These patterns extend up to two or three links of separation, vanishing, or inverting for increasing distances. Moreover, we show that for demand/supply ratio and application scores a similar pattern occurs for time variations. Finally, we provide evidence that information embedded in the HES is not accessible by merely considering the features of degree programs independently. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the higher education systems at revealing and leveraging its non-trivial underlying organizing principles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first network science approach for improving decision-making and governance in higher education systems.

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