Perception of the reasons for living in poverty in Hungary

The question of what are considered the causes of poverty is often neglected in the literature of this area of research. This paper analyzes the attributes of poverty in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary, which is one of the most disadvantaged areas of the country. Research was carried out in 2011 and 2019 using the method of systematic data collection, making possible the comparison of the changing perceptions of poverty over time. The research objective is to discover whether, as is common in Eastern European countries, support for explanations which blame structural conditions is dominant in the public perception of poverty. This research has made it clear, that the poor are often considered by the public to be responsible for their own vulnerable situation. With regard to the area where the research took place there is a discrepancy between reality and the public perception of poverty and the functioning of the welfare system which is thought to be generous and which is considered to offer multiple types of public aid for a wide range of recipients.

O20 ASSESSING THE VALIDITY AND COVER RATE OF NATIONAL HERNIA REGISTERS

Aim To assess the validity and cover rate of the Swedish hernia register. Material and Methods Annual validation of the Swedish Hernia Register has been carried out since the start in 1992 and since 2013 in a more standardized way to allow a systematic data collection and evaluation. 10% of all participating units are randomly selected each year in a specific region of Sweden, ensuring a systematic validation of all regions from North to South. Data from 2013 to 2018 was analyzed regarding data quality and from 2014 to 2018 regarding cover rate. All operations registered at the validated clinics was checked against the Swedish Hernia Register to assess cover rate. 50 operations were randomly selected at each clinic and data in the Swedish Hernia register was compared to the medical records to evaluate data quality. Results In total 55 participating units were evaluated and 73764 variables compared to medical records. Cover rate between 2014 to 2018 was 97% and proportion of correct variables was 98%. Most frequent errors where ASA-grade, date at which the patient was put on the waiting list and postoperative complications. Conclusions This unique validation of a national hernia register show a high cover rate and good quality of data. Efforts to maintain and improve national registers are of great importance. Research with data from the Swedish hernia register should be evaluated on the basis of the results presented in this study.

Self-medication and the “infodemic” during mandatory preventive isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. v1

Aim: Quarantine due to the COVID-19 pandemic altered the supply and demand of health services. This, together with the “infodemic” and generalized panic, could alter the patterns of self-medication in the population. The objective was tocharacterize the patterns of self-medication in four municipalities of Colombia during mandatory preventive isolation in 2020. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in the municipality of Pereira and its metropolitan area during mandatory national preventive isolation between June and September 2020. A sample of 397 adults who responded to an online survey, based on the Instrument for Systematic Data Collection for Self-medication (Instrumento de Recolección Sistemática de Datos para la Automedicación - IRIS-AM), was obtained. The use of social networks (including WhatsApp) as the source of information about medications was explored. Results: The 397 people surveyed had a median age of 31.0 years, and 58.2% were women. The prevalence of self-medication during lockdown was 34.3% (n=136). Medications targeting the nervous system (n=117; 86.0% of those participants with self-medication) and the musculoskeletal system (n=68; 50.0%) were the most commonly used. Ten (7.4%) of the self-medicated patients reported doing so to prevent COVID-19, and 15 (11.0%) named social networks as the source of information. Conclusions: More than one-third of the participants reported self-medication during COVID-19 lockdown, mainly with analgesic-type nervous system medications. People who reported self-medication to prevent COVID-19 often got their information from social networks, the internet, and WhatsApp.

Lay Explanation of Poverty During the Pandemic in Hungary

The paper analyzes perceived causes of poverty in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén County, Hungary, one of the most disadvantaged areas of the country. Data collection was carried out in the second half of 2020 using consensus theory and the methods of systematic data collection. The aim of the research is to discover whether support for explanations which blame structural conditions is dominant in the public perception of poverty during the pandemic. From the research discussed it is clear that structural conditions are not dominant and that the poor are often seen as being themselves responsible for their unfavourable situation. The COVID-19 pandemic is not associated with a high support for the social type of lay explanations.

What Can We Learn from Business Innovation Fail-ure of Uber in Southeast Asia Market?

Uber is a global pioneer in the sharing economy platform entitled ride-hailing. It started to enter the Asian market in 2013-2014 with various community responses in each region. In March 2018, Uber withdrew from the competition in Southeast Asia after being acquired by one of the dominant players in the region, Grab. In connection with Uber's failure to operate its business in the region, this paper discusses Uber's business model, business expansion, competition in the market, and the factors that led to Uber's failure in the Southeast Asian market. To comprehensively describe the developing context, we used a qualitative method with a systematic data collection approach from literature reviews in conducting this study. This study emphasizes that large funding supports do not guarantee the success of business operations in a more globalized setting. Different market characteristics require different approaches. The case of Uber's failure in the Southeast Asian market, even though it was supported by large funds to "Uberize the entire world," proves that the characteristics made more "localized" are more likely at a certain point in time to survive. This study also underlines some learning points from the dominant factors causing the failure of Uber's business operations in the region that require immediate adaptation: non-conformity with market preferences, challenges from prevailing policies and infrastructure issues, and strong competition from local competitors.

Design and Validation of a Novel Turbogenerator’s Robotized Inspection System

The inspection of power generators is a critical activity that will grow in importance during the next decades as operators are seeking solutions to continuously reduce outage duration and improve availability and reliability of the equipment. Automatic and systematic data collection on the status of health of the generator enables the possibility to implement predictive diagnostic/maintenance strategies and reduce the downtime due to repair activities. In this context robotic inspections play a crucial role since they allow a quick and efficient method to acquire data on the status of the generator. This paper describes an innovative robotic system that, thanks to a novel multi-sensor analysis method, is able to inspect and evaluate the overall status of power generators. The detection system, which is located on board a crawler robot, consists of inspection cameras, a micro-hammering system that is able to detect the acoustic response of fixing components of the generator bars and an Electromagnetic Core Imperfection Detection (EL-CID) sensor, which aims to detect insulation failures. Additionally, there is a description of how the robot has been designed to be adaptable to a wide range of different generators, and how it was tested and validated in the field.

Preliminary Analysis of Material Degradation Processes in Half-Timbered Walls with Earth Infill in Spain

This analysis of the material degradation processes most commonly found in half-timbered walls with earth infill in Spain is part of a much broader line of research aiming to analyze, catalogue and understand their constructive techniques, state of conservation, and transformation in order to propose conservation guidelines. Systematic data collection and statistical analysis of material damage for 268 half-timbered walls with earth infill have made it possible to identify the most common degradation processes. The effect of these processes on this type of technique, as well as the relationship between them and any possible conditions contributing to their frequency, were examined. Almost half of the sample studied presents some type of material degradation, most frequently surface erosion, while the presence of vegetation is the least common pathology. Any future decisions about the most suitable maintenance and conservation actions should be based on the conclusions reached here concerning the frequency and scope of these degradation phenomena.