Supply Reliability Under Climate Change: Forbearance Agreements and Measurement of Water Conserved

2014 ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Bonnie Colby ◽  
Lana Jones ◽  
Michael O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Supply Reliability

scholarly journals Water Supply Reliability of Agricultural Reservoirs under Varying Climate and Rice Farming Practices

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 2988
Author(s):  
Gun-Ho Cho ◽  
Mirza Junaid Ahmad ◽  
Kyung-Sook Choi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Rice Farming ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Daily Weather Data ◽  
Supply Reliability

Technological development and climate change dictate farming practices, which can directly affect irrigation water requirement and supply. In this article, the water supply reliability (WSR) of 62 major Korean agricultural reservoirs was comprehensively evaluated for varying climate and farming practices. Field surveys identified the recent divergence from standard rice farming practices and a 45-year daily weather data set (1973–2017) was examined to understand the phenomenon of climate change. Effective rainfall increments mitigated the imminent surges in rice irrigation water requirements driven by warming-led accelerated crop evapotranspiration rates; therefore, climate change marginally influenced the WSR of selected reservoirs. The transplanting period and associated water consumption were the primary deviations from standard rice farming practices. A significantly prolonged transplanting period seriously compromised the WSR of agricultural reservoirs and the maximum number of unsafe reservoirs was detected for a 24-day increase in the transplanting period. A watershed/irrigated area ratio of less than 2.5 was the lower threshold below which all the reservoirs had unsafe WSR regardless of the climate change and/or farming practices. Recent variations in farming practices were the primary cause of reservoir failure in maintaining the WSR.

scholarly journals Village-level supply reliability of surface water irrigation in rural China: effects of climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 379 ◽  
pp. 89-104
Author(s):  
Yanrong Li ◽  
Jinxia Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Rural China ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Supply Reliability

Abstract. Surface water, as the largest part of water resources, plays an important role on China's agricultural production and food security. And surface water is vulnerable to climate change. This paper aims to examine the status of the supply reliability of surface water irrigation, and discusses how it is affected by climate change in rural China. The field data we used in this study was collected from a nine-province field survey during 2012 and 2013. Climate data are offered by China's National Meteorological Information Center which contains temperature and precipitation in the past 30 years. A Tobit model (or censored regression model) was used to estimate the influence of climate change on supply reliability of surface water irrigation. Descriptive results showed that, surface water supply reliability was 74 % in the past 3 years. Econometric results revealed that climate variables significantly influenced the supply reliability of surface water irrigation. Specifically, temperature is negatively related with the supply reliability of surface water irrigation; but precipitation positively influences the supply reliability of surface water irrigation. Besides, climate influence differs by seasons. In a word, this paper improves our understanding of the impact of climate change on agriculture irrigation and water supply reliability in the micro scale, and provides a scientific basis for relevant policy making.

Averting robo-bees: why free-flying robotic bees are a bad idea

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
Roslyn Gleadow ◽  
Jim Hanan ◽  
Alan Dorin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Food Security ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Plant Interactions ◽  
Plant Insect Interactions ◽  
Native Habitat ◽  
Insect Pollinators ◽  
Insect Interactions

Food security and the sustainability of native ecosystems depends on plant-insect interactions in countless ways. Recently reported rapid and immense declines in insect numbers due to climate change, the use of pesticides and herbicides, the introduction of agricultural monocultures, and the destruction of insect native habitat, are all potential contributors to this grave situation. Some researchers are working towards a future where natural insect pollinators might be replaced with free-flying robotic bees, an ecologically problematic proposal. We argue instead that creating environments that are friendly to bees and exploring the use of other species for pollination and bio-control, particularly in non-European countries, are more ecologically sound approaches. The computer simulation of insect-plant interactions is a far more measured application of technology that may assist in managing, or averting, ‘Insect Armageddon' from both practical and ethical viewpoints.

Modelling ecosystem adaptation and dangerous rates of global warming

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Millington ◽  
Peter M. Cox ◽  
Jonathan R. Moore ◽  
Gabriel Yvon-Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Genetic Evolution ◽  
Rates Of Change ◽  
Rapid Climate Change ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
Intraspecies Competition ◽  
High Trait

Abstract We are in a period of relatively rapid climate change. This poses challenges for individual species and threatens the ecosystem services that humanity relies upon. Temperature is a key stressor. In a warming climate, individual organisms may be able to shift their thermal optima through phenotypic plasticity. However, such plasticity is unlikely to be sufficient over the coming centuries. Resilience to warming will also depend on how fast the distribution of traits that define a species can adapt through other methods, in particular through redistribution of the abundance of variants within the population and through genetic evolution. In this paper, we use a simple theoretical ‘trait diffusion’ model to explore how the resilience of a given species to climate change depends on the initial trait diversity (biodiversity), the trait diffusion rate (mutation rate), and the lifetime of the organism. We estimate theoretical dangerous rates of continuous global warming that would exceed the ability of a species to adapt through trait diffusion, and therefore lead to a collapse in the overall productivity of the species. As the rate of adaptation through intraspecies competition and genetic evolution decreases with species lifetime, we find critical rates of change that also depend fundamentally on lifetime. Dangerous rates of warming vary from 1°C per lifetime (at low trait diffusion rate) to 8°C per lifetime (at high trait diffusion rate). We conclude that rapid climate change is liable to favour short-lived organisms (e.g. microbes) rather than longer-lived organisms (e.g. trees).

Climate change and breeding success: decline of the capercaillie in Scotland

2001 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Moss ◽  
James Oswald ◽  
David Baines
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Breeding Success

Climate Change and the Voiceless

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall S. Abate
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change
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