The European Union Development Policies Are Based on European Values, Democracy, Respect for the Rule of Law and Human Rights

2015 ◽  
pp. 109-126
Author(s):  
Cornelius James
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
European Values

scholarly journals The Rule of Law Framework in the European Union: Its Rationale, Origins, Role and International Ramifications

2021 ◽  
pp. 305-331
Author(s):  
Artur Nowak-Far
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
International Legal Order ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Eu

AbstractAt present, the European rule of law enforcement framework under Article 7 TEU (RLF) is vulnerable to unguaranteed, discretionary influences of the Member States. This vulnerability arises from its procedural format which requires high thresholds in decision-making with the effect that this procedure is prone to be terminated by the EU Member States likely to be scrutinized under it, if only they collude. Yet, the Framework may prove effective to correct serious breaches against human rights (in the context of ineffective rule of law standards). The European Commission is bound to pursue the RLF effectiveness for the sake of achieving relative uniformity of application of EU law (at large), and making the European Union a credible actor and co-creator of international legal order. The RLF is an important tool for the maintenance of relative stability of human rights and the rule of law in the EU despite natural divergence propensity resulting from the procedural autonomy of the EU Member States. By achieving this stability, the EU achieves significant political weight in international dialogue concerning human rights and the rule of law and preserves a high level of its global credibility in this context. Thus, RLF increases the EU’s effectiveness in promoting the European model of their identification and enforcement.

scholarly journals The “Thick” Rule of Law and Mutual Trust in the European Union

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Juha Raitio
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Judicial Review ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Material Concept ◽  
The Eu

The concept of the rule of law has lately become a topical and controversial issue. For example, the existence of effective judicial review is an inseparable part of the rule of law and some problems in this respect have been analysed. This article advocates for a thick concept of the rule of law. This refers to the idea that the rule of law has both material and formal content. The controversial part seems to be the question of material content and whether it obscures the essential meaning of the rule of law as a requirement of legality. However, the material aspect of the rule of law can be linked to the value-base of the European Union. For example, during its EU Presidency, Finland strongly emphasized the significance of the value base and the rule of law in Article 2 teu for the development of the EU. Democracy, the rule of law, and the actualisation of fundamental and human rights in particular are connected together, combined in a trinity where all the components form preconditions for the others. This stance is not a novelty in Finland, since Jyränki, for one, two decades ago already maintained that human rights protect the individual’s position and thus belong to the sphere of the material concept of the rule of law. I have employed the metaphor of a musical triangle. A triangle can only make a sound if all three of its corners are connected to each other, thereby connecting the sides of the triangle. Observance of the core values of the EU is a precondition for mutual trust between Member States, which in turn is necessary for a well-functioning European Union and good governance.

scholarly journals La Unión Europea como unión de valores y derechos : teoría y realidad = The European Union as a union of fundamental values and rights : theory and reality

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (33) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Antonio Bar Cendón
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Human Dignity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Derechos Humanos ◽  
Fundamental Values

La UE se fundamenta en un conjunto de valores que son enunciados en el Art. 2 del TUE de manera explícita: el respeto de la dignidad humana, la libertad, la democracia, la igualdad, el Estado de Derecho y el respeto de los derechos humanos. Valores que el mismo precepto considera que son comunes a todos los Estados miembros. Hasta ahora, la protección de estos valores fundamentales se encuentra en el mecanismo previsto en el Art. 7 del TUE. La existencia de este mecanismo no ha logrado, sin embargo, evitar la vulneración de los valores fundamentales de la UE por parte de varios de sus Estados miembros. En este sentido, este trabajo propone la formulación de un nuevo mecanismo —«mecanismo de Copenhague»— que sea capaz de hacer un seguimiento permanente de la actuación de los Estados para evitar que se produzcan esas vulneraciones, pero que sea capaz también de imponer las sanciones más graves a las vulneraciones de estos valores fundamentales, incluida la expulsión de la UE.The UE is founded on a set of values which are mentioned in an explicit manner in Art. 2 of the TEU: respect for human dignity, freedom, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights. Values which the same article states that are common to the Member States. Until now, the protection of these fundamental values is based on the mechanism foreseen in Art. 7 of the TEU. The existence of this mechanism though has not prevented the violation of these fundamental values by several of the Member States from taking place. This is why this article proposes the establishing of a new mechanism - the «Copenhagen mechanism» - which would be able to monitor the performance of the Member States on a permanent basis in order to prevent the violations from taking place, but which would also be able to impose the most serious penalties to the most serious violations of these fundamental values, including the expulsion of the UE.

scholarly journals REALIZATION OF LAW PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS CONDITION FOR STATE AND CITIZEN SAFETY

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Gerginova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
International Standards ◽  
European Convention ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Fundamental Freedoms ◽  
Lasting Peace ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights

Security system of each country constitute the internationallegal documents and acts as well as national security that allow system isorganized as a part of the state apparatus, which system will to enable tomake possible the safety and independence of other states, as well as thelaw protection of basic human rights and freedoms. International documentsfor protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms, as well as legalacts of any national state determines the universal significance of humanrights and freedoms, whose observance is an important factor of peace,justice and security necessary to ensure the development of friendly relationsand cooperation among states, but also a precondition for progress on theestablishment of lasting peace, security, justice and cooperation in Europe. Fullrespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and the development ofsocieties based on pluralistic democracy and the rule of law are prerequisitesfor progress in ensuring lasting peace, security, justice and cooperation inEurope. The Treaty establishing the European Union, signed in Maastricht in1992 stipulates that respect for human rights is one of the main prerequisitesfor membership in the European Union and the guarantees of human rightsestablished and guaranteed by the European Convention on Human Rights,are respected by Union as general principles of Union law. One of the mainobjectives of the common foreign and security policy of the Member States ofthe European Union is the development of democracy and the rule of law andrespect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. Republic of Macedoniain the processes of democratization incorporate the recommendations of theCouncil of Europe and other international institutions in finding appropriateeffective mechanisms by which holders of public authority will exerciseits powers with respect for and protection of human rights. Respect andprotection of human rights legislation in line with international standards inthis area, should be a primary task of each authority responsible for enforcingthe law.

scholarly journals Preventive counter-terrorism and non-discrimination assessment in the European Union

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quirine Eijkman
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Counter Terrorism ◽  
The United Kingdom

AbstractAs a result of the 9/11 terrorist attacks and the bombings in Madrid and London, a prevention-focused counter-terrorism approach has developed across the European Union. Preventive counter-terrorism is appealing because it implies interventions that remove the ability or, better still, the motivation of potential terrorists to carry out their lethal designs. Member states such as the United Kingdom and the Netherlands that primarily have experience in addressing 'home-grown' terrorism, have developed preventive counter-terrorism measures in response. Even though the majority of these laws, regulations and policies recognize the importance of the rule of law and human rights, it remains relevant to examine whether in theory and in practice particular measures have had disproportionate effects on ethnic and religious minorities and thereby violate non-discrimination standards.

Introduction

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-378
Author(s):  
ERIK-JAN ZÜRCHER
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
Accession Process ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Eu

Turkey is about to start accession negotiations with the European Union. The question of whether Turkey qualified as a European country in terms of history and culture, was put on the European agenda by conservative European politicians in the mid-1990s and seemed to have been solved in Turkey's favour at the Helsinki summit of 1999, but it was hotly debated again throughout 2004. At the same time, a parallel debate developed among those who accepted Turkey's European credentials in principle (or felt they had to accept them). This was the debate about Turkey's state of preparedness and the degree to which the country fulfilled the so-called ‘Copenhagen Criteria’, which stipulated that candidates for membership of the EU should have a stable democracy, the rule of law, respect for human rights and a functioning market economy. In the end, as we know, the attempts of the ‘fundamentalist’ opposition to Turkey's candidature on the part of people like former Eurocommissioner Bolkestein, German CDU/CSU leaders Merkel and Stoiber or ex-president Giscard d'Estaing failed. Turkey's progress towards fulfilment of the Copenhagen Criteria was deemed sufficient by the European Commission, and on 17 December 2004 the momentous decision to start the accession process was taken unanimously at the summit in The Hague.Interest in the question of Turkey's candidature has meant that an extraordinary number of studies, reports, papers have appeared, analysing the current situation and drawing scenarios for the future. The authors of this Focus have not intended to add to this, or to investigate the chequered history of Turkish-European relations since the signing of the accession treaty in 1963.

scholarly journals The EU Concept of the Rule of Law and the Procedures de lege lata and de lege ferenda for its Protection

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
Naděžda Šišková
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Future Prospects ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
European Values ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Eu

Summary The article is dealing with the EU current and future intruments for the protection of the rule of law principles at the level of the European Union. The beginning is dedicated to the EU concept of the rule of law as an integral part of the Common European values and its significant for the smooth functioning of the area of freedom, security and justice. The substantial part of the study is focusing of the analysis of different procedures (infringement, political and administrative), which can be used for the protection of the rule of law principles, including highlighting their certain peculiarities and the limits. The end of the article contains the conclusions about future prospects.

scholarly journals Analysis of European and national experience performance of police enforcement activities

2020 ◽  
pp. 328-332
Author(s):  
Yevhen Bakutin
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
State Institution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Systematic Improvement ◽  
European Values

The article reflects the experience of European countries, where much has been done to transform the police into an effective state institution, which enjoys the trust and respect of citizens. The basic organizational and legal foundations of the police - one of the oldest and inalienable components of world civilization, the conceptual justification of the reliable protection of individuals, society and the state from criminal attacks, the rule of law, public safety are considered. Formulating the purpose of the article. The use of technical means of fixing offenses is one of the essential elements of a highly developed society. At the same time, Ukraine is actively pursuing its foreign policy towards accession to the European Union. That is why the integration intentions of our state necessitate the systematic improvement of the use of technical means of fixing offenses. Resolving objections and conflicts requires the proper regulation of the procedure for bringing the offender to justice, which, in turn, requires comprehensive scientific studies of these problems. Technological advances have led to new challenges for human rights, as legal regulation tends to regulate existing legal relationships and does not account for the emergence of new forms. A striking example of this is the geometric progression of the use of technical means of fixing offenses by the police in compliance with public order. According to the analysis of the law enforcement practice of the use of technical means, quite often leads to strong objections between citizens and representatives of authorized state bodies, which need their resolution and resolution. This is especially the case for the use of technical means of fixing offenses for the purpose of counteracting offenses, and also when using these technical means as evidence. Police activity is one of the foundations for the promotion and development of pan-European values. However, in order for it to be effective, it is essential that the police respect human rights, the rule of law and the principles of democracy - otherwise these pan-European values will be threatened.

scholarly journals The Values of the European Union and their Protection under European Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-37
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kuvaldin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Rule Of Law ◽  
European Law ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
History Of ◽  
National Governments ◽  
The Eu

Article 7 of the Treaty on the European Union provides for a mechanism for responding to violations by member states of the values of democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights proclaimed by the Union, as well as the introduction of sanctions against the violating state. Nevertheless, the EU structures are extremely cautious about this mechanism, despite the reasons for its use. The article analyzes the history of the appearance of Article 7 in European legislation and the first attempts of a pan-European influence on dubious decisions of the member states. Based on the example of Poland and Hungary in respect of which the possibility of applying sanctions under the Article 7 procedure is now being discussed, it is concluded that such an outcome is unlikely. It is shown that Article 7 was deliberately created in such a way as to limit the actions of pan-European structures, to leave decisions in the hands of national governments and to provide an opportunity to solve the problem through negotiations. It also shows the process of searching for alternative ways of influencing the violating states.

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