Significance of Prayer Room Design Standards at Shopping Complex

2016 ◽  
pp. 521-532
Author(s):  
Abu Bakar Abd Hamid ◽  
Mohamad Hanif Abdul Wahab ◽  
Aida Alias ◽  
Norashikin Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Design Standards ◽  
Room Design

The Interpretation of Human Factors Design Criteria for Nuclear Power Plant Control Room Reviews

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Michael E. Maddox
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Nuclear Industry ◽  
Design Criteria ◽  
Control Room ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Room Design ◽  
Power Plant Control ◽  
The Military

As a result of the Three Mile Island-Unit 2 (TMI) accident and subsequent investigations, all U.S. nuclear utilities are being required to review the control rooms in their nuclear generating plants for human factors design adequacy. Before TMI, human factors considerations were not an integral part of the design process in the nuclear industry. The utilities were not well equipped to handle the requirement for control room design reviews (CRDR), so, in an attempt to provide useable guidance for CRDR's, the NRC issued several documents that were based on military design standards and commonly-used equipment design guides. A fundamental problem with the guidance issued by the NRC and others is that much of the design guidance is not directly applicable to a review and backfit process such as the CRDR. This paper presents a description of the ongoing process of applying human factors design criteria from the military and aerospace arena to the review and backfit activities in the nuclear utility industry. This process has, and is, taking place in a broad-based utility working group to which the author acts as a consultant. The work includes a large educational segment in which techniques, such as task analysis, are made explicity applicable to the CRDR. So far, this activity has resulted in four guidelines that have been reviewed by the nuclear utilities.

scholarly journals "A Survey of Diagnostic X-ray room design and shielding Integrity of Lead Aprons in a State in North-Eastern Nigeria."

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
A Mohammed ◽  
C C Nzotta ◽  
B F Nkubli ◽  
A Umar ◽  
S Y Bappah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Public ◽  
Radiation Safety ◽  
Facility Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diagnostic Facility ◽  
Building Layout ◽  
Room Design ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
C 30

Background: X-ray facility design and shielding integrity is meant to optimize radiation safety of patients, staff and the general public. Objectives: To determine the conformity to x-ray room design standards and the functional efficacy of lead aprons in the surveyed facilities. Materials and Method: The survey was conducted in six radio diagnostic centres in Gombe State Nigeria, labelled A to F for anonymity. The building layout of the radiology departments was sketched to show the dimensions (L x B x H) and adjoining structures. Datasheets were also used to record information about the radio-diagnostic facility. Lead aprons were inspected for defects by physical observation and by x-ray exposure. Results: The x-ray room dimension of the six radio diagnostic centres with A (24 m2), B (14.8 m2), C (30 m2), D (36 m2), E (21.2 m2) and F (25 m2). All the walls of the radio-diagnostic room of facility A, B, C and D were lined with 2 mm lead equivalent, whereas E and F were not. About 7 (38.8%) of lead aprons inspected were defective, while 11 (61.1%) were not defective. Conclusion: There are compromises noted in the design of facility B and the majority of the lead aprons inspected showed good functional efficacy.

THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING DESIGN STANDARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Denis Mykhaylovskyi ◽  
Bohdan Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Design Standards

Safety at Curves and Road Geometry Standards in Some European Countries

1996 ◽  
Vol 1523 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Brenac
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Standards ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
The Road ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Road Geometry ◽  
Design Speed ◽  
Curve Geometry

This paper deals with safety at horizontal curves on two-lane roads outside urban areas and the way the road design standards of different European countries account for this safety aspect. After a review of some research results, the main aspects of curve geometry and the curve's place in the horizontal alignment are analyzed. The main conclusions are that the traditional design speed approach is insufficient and that formal complementary rules in road design standards, especially to improve compatibility between successive elements of the alignment, must be introduced. If such complementary rules already exist in some national standards, they are neither frequent nor homogeneous throughout the different countries, and it seems that they are not based on sufficiently developed knowledge.

Comparison of fire extinguishing performance of four halon substitutes and Halon 1301

2021 ◽  
pp. 073490412110301
Author(s):  
Yawei Wang ◽  
Gaowan Zou ◽  
Conglin Liu ◽  
Y Gao
Keyword(s):  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Pool Fire ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Ignition Probability ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
Halon 1301 ◽  
Efficient Alternative ◽  
Oil Pool ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The Halon 1301 fixed gas fire extinguishing system used in ship engine rooms has been banned from production all over the world, because halon destroys the ozone layer. Therefore, it is necessary to find an environmentally friendly, compatible and efficient alternative firefighting system. In this study, we performed fire extinguishing tests in an ISO9705 standard room for four alternative fire extinguishing agents, as well as Halon 1301. The fire extinguishing efficiency of each agent was determined based on its cooling effect, dilution effect of oxygen concentration, the extinguishing time of the oil pool fire and the re-ignition probability of the wood stack. The test results provide data support for the selection of alternatives of Halon 1301 from the aspect of fire extinguishing efficiency. Among these results, Novec 1230 had the best ability to put out the oil pool fire, and HFC-227ea suppressed the wood stack fire the best. The difference between the cooling ability of each fire extinguishing agent was small, and the inert gas (IG-541) displayed the best ability to dilute oxygen. Hot aerosol required the longest time to extinguish fire. Consequently, under the existing design standards, HFC-227ea had the better firefighting efficiency, more suitable to replace Halon 1301.

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