THE EVOLUTION OF BUILDING DESIGN STANDARDS

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (6) ◽  
pp. 119-134
Author(s):  
Denis Mykhaylovskyi ◽  
Bohdan Bondarchuk
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Design Standards

scholarly journals RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF A MULTI-SPAN GREENHOUSE OF BUILDING PRODUCTION FOR SMALL FORMS OF MANAGEMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
A. Blazhnov
Keyword(s):  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Steel Consumption ◽  
Building Area ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cost Of Construction

Growing vegetables in cultivation facilities can significantly increase the yield of products compared to open ground. Information data on greenhouses offered by producers for farms is summarized. The main types of farm greenhouses are identified, and they are compared for possible heat losses during the cold period of the year. It is established that with an equal building area, the area of enclosing structures of multi-span greenhouses is less than that of single-span frame and arch type. The formula for the minimum coefficient of fencing for a multi-span greenhouse, which provides a minimum of energy costs during the heating period, is derived. The structural scheme of the steel frame of a multi-span greenhouse of construction production from rolled profiles is proposed. It allows to significantly reduce the cost of construction of the structure in comparison with the cost indicators of greenhouses of factory delivery. The dependences of steel consumption for structural elements of the frame as a function of load and its construction parameters are obtained. Based on the obtained dependencies, the rational values of the span and step of the block greenhouse racks for snow loads specified in the building design standards of greenhouses are established. For rational values of planning parameters of the cultivation structure, specific indicators of steel consumption and cost per greenhouse frame are given.

scholarly journals ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN METHOD OF MODERN BUILDINGS IN HISTORICAL TOMSK

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. G. Litvinova ◽  
T. G. Cheshuina
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Urban Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Town Planning ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Photographic Recording

Pre-project studies in modern building design in the historical and architectural urban environment is relevant to architects, as the city-planning requirements are systematically updated and complicated. A special attention is paid to the analysis of international documents, which formulate objective approaches to preservation of the unique architectural and artistic images of the urban environment. The purpose of this study is to concretize the list of research works for identification of the architectural design standards in the historical environment. The events and the standards are formulated on the basis of the structural analysis of the Russian and foreign experience of modern design organizations. A number of proposed analytical studies include the data systematization in terms of town planning regulations established by cultural heritage sites, photographic recording of landscape, graphical analysis of streets in order to identify common patterns in the historical development of the architectural environment and styles. On the examples of Achinskaya Street in Tomsk and a new construction project the process of developing such standards is clearly demonstrated. The presented design method can be used in the design and estimate documentation for new building construction within the protection zones, development control zones and will meet the requirements for the Federal Law of Cultural Heritage Objects (Historical and Cultural Monuments) of Peoples of the Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Energy performance diagnosis for the residential building façade in Algeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Messaouda Rais ◽  
Adel Boumerzoug ◽  
Balint Baranyai
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Efficient Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Quality Performance ◽  
Performance Diagnosis

AbstractAs it is clear, worldwide buildings are the largest consumer of the final energy consumption. In Algeria, it has been reported that 33% of the overall energy consumption was attributed to buildings. This is due to the design and constructional techniques of the residential buildings, which do not address the local climatic condition. To assess this situation, the study is focused on analyzing the existing residential buildings in Algeria, in terms of energy, thermal, daylight, and indoor air quality performance, using a dynamic simulation software. Typical building design in a hot and dry climate was selected. The results revealed that the existing residential buildings do not comply with the energy-efficient design standards. It was concluded that further strategies should be applied in this sector, in terms of building design, materials, and façade configuration.

An Investigation on the Disobeyed Housing in Kaohsiung City

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4903-4906
Author(s):  
Shun Tang Chi ◽  
Hung Chi Song
Keyword(s):  
Housing Market ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Coverage Ratio ◽  
Floor Area Ratio ◽  
Extended Space ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Flat Roof

For a long time, Taiwan residents extended housing spaces in order to suffice their living demands and provide an ideal living space which they imaged. The rate of housing extended space in Taiwan is 65.9% [1]. For understanding the state of housing spaces extending phenomenon in Taiwan, the task of this study is investigating the formats and reasons of Kaohsiung housing extended spaces by the questionnaire and analysis. The results of this study indicated five of these findings are worth summarizing: ˙ The main sources of disobeyed spaces are the vacant by building coverage ratio, included the front of the house, the behind of the house, the side of the house, the flat roof, the balcony etc. ˙ The purpose of housing spaces extended to increase the use of spaces, the space functions mostly were laundry rooms and stockrooms. ˙ Most sizes of the disobeyed spaces were one floor of the metal shacks. ˙ The regulations of building coverage ratio, floor area ratio have some flows and let the residents to construct the disobeyed space. ˙ The mechanisms of the housing market and building design became the factors of the disobeyed house afterward. Besides strengthen the inspection of the disobeyed constructs to prevent disobeyed house, it is proposed to proceed from the following two strategies. First, revise the vacant of BCR and FAR and architectural design standards. Second, revise the mechanisms of the housing market and architecture plan.

scholarly journals The San Francisco area earthquake of 1989 and implications for the Greater Vancouver area

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 798-812 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Rainer ◽  
A. M. Jablonski ◽  
K. T. Law ◽  
D. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
San Francisco ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Code ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Damage Prediction ◽  
October 17 ◽  
Lateral Bracing ◽  
Design Earthquake

The earthquake that hit the San Francisco area on October 17, 1989, is reviewed with respect to damage to buildings, transportation facilities, and services. The San Francisco experience underlines that soil conditions and inadequate structural integrity are the two most important factors in the seismic risk to a building and its inhabitants. This earthquake is used as a model for the damage prediction in the Greater Vancouver area from a "design earthquake" that is implied in the National Building Code of Canada. In comparable housing density the expected damage would be somewhat greater than that observed in the San Francisco region in October 1989 because of differences in amplitude of ground motions and building design standards. This study is seen as a first step in the detailed assessment of damage potentials for the Vancouver region, or other similar metropolitan areas. Potential shortcomings in the 1985 National Building Code of Canada were identified in the seismic requirements for non-engineered buildings (Part 9) concerning lateral bracing, beam splice ties over supports, and anchorage and reinforcing of chimneys. Key words: earthquake damage, building code, damage prediction.

scholarly journals STATISTICAL SUBSTANTIATION OF SNOW LOAD STANDARDS ON BUILDING STRUCTURES

2021 ◽  
pp. 103-118
Author(s):  
S.F. Pichugin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Physical Nature ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Snow Load ◽  
Urgent Task ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Meteorological Observations ◽  
Scientific Results

Ensuring the reliability and safety of buildings and structures largely depends on a proper understanding of nature and quantitative description and rationing of loads on building structures, including snow loads. These loads on structures have a very complex physical nature and changeable nature, requiring knowledge of thermodynamic processes in the atmosphere and soil, physical properties of snow, methods of meteorological observations and climatological description of the terrain, variability of loads, the nature of snow deposition on buildings and structures. Such features are to some extent reflected in the sections of design standards of building structures that contain standards for snow load. Most parameters of snow load norms are probabilistic in nature and require the use of statistical methods to justify them. These methods are constantly changing and evolving along with the regular review of building design codes. Analysis of the evolution of domestic snow load codes together with their statistical substantiation is an urgent task. Materials on snow load have been published in various scientific and technical journals, collections of articles, conference proceedings. Access to these publications is difficult, and published reviews of the development of snow load rationing are incomplete and do not include the results of research over the past 15 – 20 years. The article contains a systematic review of publications in leading scientific and technical journals on the problem of snow load over the 80-year period from the 40s of the twentieth century to the present. The main attention is paid to the analysis of tendencies of development of designing codes concerning changes of territorial zoning and design coefficients, appointment of normative and design values of snow load and involvement in it of experimental statistical data. There is a high scientific level of domestic code DBN B.1.2-2006 "Loads and loadings", which have a modern probabilistic basis and are associated with the codes of Eurocode. Scientific results that can be included in subsequent editions of snow load standards are highlighted.

scholarly journals Project Standard Design and Special Research Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Design ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Xuzhou City ◽  
Technical Specifications

According to uniform standard underground building design regulations draft, the central international plaza, A/B block of underground commercial design of Xuzhou city as an example, the system of underground construction in the planning and construction requirements, general layout design, disaster prevention design three basic framework and 6 architectural design problems, in order for new regulations smoothly promulgated engineering design reasonable feasibility verification.In 2016, the standard quote Department of the Ministry of housing issued the standards for the construction of engineering standards in 2017 and revised plans (Draft), which lists 4 categories of total 113 standard researches, studies and revision plan. Including the national mandatory standards for construction projects, including technical specifications of outdoor water supply projects in public buildings and other 29 standards; and the construction of the recommended national standards, including public fiber broadband access project technical standards, civil air defense basement design standards for total 46 standards. "The underground building design standard" is a research branch, which belongs to the "planning technology ", is still in the stage of compilation of technical demonstration, "Xuzhou City Central International Plaza, AB block" was selected as a trial design project, which is designed by LIANCHUANG construction design company, and it make the "standardized underground architectural design draft " to the actual technical demonstration.

scholarly journals Project Standard Design and Special Research Report

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li
Keyword(s):  
Construction Projects ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Building Design ◽  
National Standards ◽  
Research Report ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Technical Standards ◽  
Standard Design ◽  
Xuzhou City ◽  
Technical Specifications

According to uniform standard underground building design regulations draft, the central international plaza, A/B block of underground commercial design of Xuzhou city as an example, the system of underground construction in the planning and construction requirements, general layout design, disaster prevention design three basic framework and 6 architectural design problems, in order for new regulations smoothly promulgated engineering design reasonable feasibility verification.In 2016, the standard quote Department of the Ministry of housing issued the standards for the construction of engineering standards in 2017 and revised plans (Draft), which lists 4 categories of total 113 standard researches, studies and revision plan. Including the national mandatory standards for construction projects, including technical specifications of outdoor water supply projects in public buildings and other 29 standards; and the construction of the recommended national standards, including public fiber broadband access project technical standards, civil air defense basement design standards for total 46 standards. "The underground building design standard" is a research branch, which belongs to the "planning technology ", is still in the stage of compilation of technical demonstration, "Xuzhou City Central International Plaza, AB block" was selected as a trial design project, which is designed by LIANCHUANG construction design company, and it make the "standardized underground architectural design draft " to the actual technical demonstration.

scholarly journals From Probabilistic to Quantile-Oriented Sensitivity Analysis: New Indices of Design Quantiles

Symmetry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zdeněk Kala
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Structural Reliability ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Sensitivity Indices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Total Sensitivity

In structural reliability analysis, sensitivity analysis (SA) can be used to measure how an input variable influences the failure probability Pf of a structure. Although the reliability is usually expressed via Pf, Eurocode building design standards assess the reliability using design quantiles of resistance and load. The presented case study showed that quantile-oriented SA can provide the same sensitivity ranking as Pf-oriented SA or local SA based on Pf derivatives. The first two SAs are global, so the input variables are ranked based on total sensitivity indices subordinated to contrasts. The presented studies were performed for Pf ranging from 9.35 × 10−8 to 1–1.51 × 10−8. The use of quantile-oriented global SA can be significant in engineering tasks, especially for very small Pf. The proposed concept provided an opportunity to go much further. Left-right symmetry of contrast functions and sensitivity indices were observed. The article presents a new view of contrasts associated with quantiles as the distance between the average value of the population before and after the quantile. This distance has symmetric hyperbola asymptotes for small and large quantiles of any probability distribution. Following this idea, new quantile-oriented sensitivity indices based on measuring the distance between a quantile and the average value of the model output are formulated in this article.

scholarly journals Tall Building Design Exploration: Designing For Wind Resilience

10.29007/l5cv ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Khallaf ◽  
Julie Jupp
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Tall Building ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Design Standards ◽  
Urban City ◽  
Seasonal Wind

The paper presents a performance-based design method that combines building and urban objectives for the control of winds impacting on tall buildings at the pedestrian, podium and upper levels. The performance-based method accounts for wind flow and wind load in a form optimization technique that considers a variety of criteria defining urban microclimates, defined by high-density, multi-level building forms subject to acute variations in seasonal wind conditions. The approach is based on the theoretical foundations of ‘designing for urban resilience; and highlights the different objectives of this approach relative to existing (tall) building design standards and urban city planning guidelines.

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