Geographical Indications and Appellation of Origin

Author(s):  
Debashis Bandyopadhyay
2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 03013
Author(s):  
J. Gautier ◽  
F. Humbert ◽  
S. Wolikow

During the 20th century, wine appellations of origin have largely developed to represent a significant part of the wine production of some countries, especially in Europe. The globalization of the production, trade and consumption of wine is a major fact of the 21st century economy. The question of appellations of origin and more generally geographical indications must be asked: Is it a survival 100 years after the first law on appellations of origin was adopted in France? Historical knowledge makes it possible to understand how law, both national and international, has been marked by major developments in this area. Regulations on the origin of products have undergone significant changes over the last century, extending well beyond the wine and spirits sector to cover many other sectors. In addition, international institutions are very involved in the development of this concept, be it the FAO in order to protect and sustainably develop agricultural products from emerging countries or whether it is WIPO or WTO in order to implement protection of signs of origin in the context of intellectual property. Since its creation in 1924 the OIV has been largely attentive to the issue of appellations of origin, in their different forms, (AOP, AOC) and according to the country. It continues to play an important role in reflecting and thinking about the role of legal norms in the globalized wine economy and international trade. A symposium organized in Dijon in May 2019, has commemorated and evoked the centenary of the concept of the appellation of origin in France, bringing together speakers from several disciplines, including historians and jurists, on this theme of the appellation of 'origin. The proposed communication present the main orientations identified during this conference, and in particular the strengths and weaknesses of this concept vis-à-vis the theme of international protection.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxwell Tavares Souza ◽  
Brenda Lohanny Passos Santos ◽  
Denise Santos Ruzene ◽  
Cleiton Rodrigues de Vasconcelos ◽  
Robelius De-Bortoli ◽  
...  

Geographical indications (GIs) can provide quality perception to a product by recognizing its unique characteristics, which creates the expectation that the registration of a GI is associated with its regional economic development. According to the literature, there are two types of GI: appellation of origin (AO) and indication of source (IS). The present study aimed to evaluate the best practice for obtaining an IS for the clay handicrafts produced in the municipality of Santana do São Francisco, in the northeast region of Brazil. Applied research, with a qualitative structure, was the methodology used to identify and select the ideal agents that potentiate the gains resulting from the GI. The evaluation was based on the methodology defined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil (Mapa), adapted for the qualification of agents able to carry out the necessary actions for the recognition process. The results showed that the Association of Artisans and the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae) could act as the requesting and support entities, respectively, since both fulfill the requirements to work in favor of obtaining an indication of source in Santana do São Francisco.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Achmad Ardiansyah Akbar

<p>Immunization is a mandatory program by government for every child in Indonesia. In 2016, however, the vaccine used for children’s immunization was found under standardized or unqualified. It was mixed with particular substances which might lead the users into some allergies, minor or severe injuries, trauma, and even danger their lives. Parents certainly fully entrusted their children’s immunization to the competent. The crime of producing, distributing, and using non-standard vaccines involved many parties both individuals and corporations, ranging from the task of producing, distributing, and up to injecting the vaccines into children. With the enormous profits of the crime, however, only private parties were sued while the corporations were still free from any accusation and thus, it made them have potential chances to redo such crime, violating medical laws, consumer protection laws, Money laundering legislation, and up to brand and geographical indications.</p><p>This study was a legal research with statute and conceptual approaches. It aimed to investigate the provisions of producing and distributing non-standard vaccines by corporations and to analyze their liability on such crime. The results, conclusions, suggestions, and recommendations for the problem were discussed.</p>


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