Paulo Freire e o território educativo além muros da escola: três chaves de acesso a múltiplas dimensões de aprendizagem

O estudo reflete sobre o cotidiano de uma comunidade de periferia da serra gaúcha e adota, como centralidade, a escola municipal do local e o território do entorno, explorando possibilidades de aprendizagem ao promover maior aproximação entre ambos. O desafio consiste em tematizar múltiplas dimensões de aprendizagem potencializadas por chaves de acesso categorizadas por meio das trilhas no território educativo (TE), nomeadas a partir de três metáforas: as chaves da rua; as chaves de si; as chaves do mundo. O TE como articulador de relações contribui para ampliação do aprendizado escolar, podendo funcionar como um disparador de aprendizagens que dialogam com saberes escolares e comunitários. A pesquisa-ação, envolvendo 15 jovens estudantes, amparou-se em registros etnográficos; narrativas de grupos focais; definição das trilhas educativas; construção do mapa das aprendizagens ‘além-muros’ e registros fotográficos. A sustentação teórica considerou, principalmente, a obra de Paulo Freire, bem como Brandão e Streck, Moraes e Galiazzi, dentre outros. O detalhamento da metáfora das três chaves configura o principal achado da pesquisa: a relevância do território educativo para a aprendizagem, em suas dimensões espacial, identitária e política.Palavras-chave: Paulo Freire; Território Educativo; Educação não Escolar; Cidadania.Paulo Freire and the educational territory beyond school walls: three keys of acess to multiple learnig dimensionsABSTRACTThis study reflects on the daily life of a community on the periphery of the Serra Gaúcha and adopts as its centrality the local municipal school and the surrounding territory, exploring possibilities of learning by promoting a closer relationship between both. The challenge is to focus on the multiple learning dimensions enhanced by access keys categorized through trails in the educational territory (TE), named after three metaphors: the keys to the street; the keys to themselves; the keys to the world. TE as an articulator of relationships contributes to the expansion of school learning, and it can function as a trigger for learning that dialogues with school and community knowledge. Action research, involving 15 young students, was supported by ethnographic records; focus group narratives; definition of educational trails; construction of the 'beyond-the-wall' learning map and photographic records. Theoretical support considered, mainly, the work of Paulo Freire, as well as Brandão and Streck, Moraes and Galiazzi, among others. The detailing of the metaphor of the three keys, configures the main finding of the research: the relevance of the educational territory for learning, in its spatial, identity and political dimensions.Keywords: Paulo Freire; Educational Territory; Non-School Education; Citizenship.Paulo Freire y el territorio educativo más allá de los muros de la escuela: tres llaves de acceso a múltiples dimensiones de aprendizajeRESUMENEste estudio reflexiona sobre la vida cotidiana de una comunidad en la periferia de la Serra Gaúcha y adopta como su centralidad la escuela municipal local y el territorio circundante, explorando las posibilidades de aprendizaje al promover una relación más estrecha entre ambos. El desafío es centrarse en las múltiples dimensiones de aprendizaje mejoradas por las claves de acceso clasificadas a través de senderos en el territorio educativo (TE), nombradas por tres metáforas: las claves de la calle; las llaves para ellos mismos; las llaves del mundo. El TE como articulador de relaciones contribuye a la expansión del aprendizaje, y puede funcionar como un disparador para el aprendizaje que dialoga con el conocimiento de la escuela y la comunidad. La investigación de acción, que involucró a 15 jóvenes estudiantes, fue apoyada por registros etnográficos; narrativas de grupos focales; definición de senderos educativos; construcción del mapa de aprendizaje 'más allá de la pared' y registros fotográficos. El soporte teórico consideró producciones de Freire, Brandão y Streck, Moraes y Galiazzi, entre otros. El detalle de la metáfora de las tres claves configura los principales hallazgos de la investigación: la relevancia del territorio educativo para el aprendizaje, en sus dimensiones espacial, identitaria y política. Palabras clave: Paulo Freire; Territorio Educativo; Educación en la Escuela; Ciudadanía.

Liminality as an Autopoietic Process within Spatial Identity

Spatial identity surpasses geographical boundaries of a certain space, and denotes not only physical characteristics of space, but its meaning to people that use it, as well as their intercommunication, which produces new social and spatial meaning. Unless there is an abrupt change in social structure or formal/functional transformation of (un)built environment, we perceive spatial identity as something almost permanent. However, it is in a constant state of change, existing in a present state that relies on our past experiences and contains projections of our future, maintained through constant background processes of disorganization and concomitant organization – in other words, identity is in the state of (perpetual) liminality. Liminality is the product, as well as the initiator of autopoietic processes within identity, which leads to the main premise of this article – (spatial) identity is an autopoietic system. This is analyzed through three chosen aspects of place attachment: ritual, memory and architecture.

Centralized Industrialization in the Memory of Places. Case Studies of Romanian Cities

The paper highlights the impact of excessive industrialization during the centralized economy era on urban spatial identity, as well as the disruption of this identity through political-administrative decisions, a phenomenon characteristic of the Central and Eastern European region during the era of centralized economies. The tendency to rebalance urban territorial systems is achieved through deindustrialization, together with reindustrialization and tertiarization. All these changes affect functionality, physiognomy as well as urban culture, and can be quantified through the changes in the memory of places. Urban toponyms related to industrialization are disappearing and are replaced by toponyms that illustrate the historical past of the city and, in general, its spatial identity. The paper aims to contribute to the development of research on the impact of oversized industrialization on the memory of places, in the context of the transition from industrial to service-based economies, a process that affected the states of the former Communist Bloc after 1990. Based on bibliographic sources and field research conducted between 2008 and 2020 in two cities in Romania (Bucharest, the country’s capital, and Galați, the largest river and seaport and the main centre of the steel industry in the country), we have evaluated quantitatively these changes with the help of indices resulting from the toponymic changes resulting from these processes. The study shows that the functional disturbances due to the oversized industrialization that characterized the communist period only managed to a small extent to affect the correlation between the spatial identity of the two cities and their toponymy.

The role of historical memory in the process of social consolidation in applied linguistic educational space of the region

The article analyzes historical memory as a source for consolidating the applied linguistic educational space. We concluded that the resource of historical memory in development of regional educational space is a socially consolidating factor, since, regardless of the social and cultural capital, it strengthens the collective spatial identity and awareness of belonging (as a historically established socio-territorial community). We considered the role of historical memory in development of the social investment model of regional management as well and concluded that systematic studies of the problems require the use of a multidimensional sociological construct (which is still waiting to be implemented), but it is clear that historical memory is most constructively interpreted not in the context of tradition, but as a cultural symbolic code of the regional management system (if it does not manifest itself in its pure form and includes selection of historical memory elements for solving managerial tasks).

Creating Place in Early Modern European Architecture

The importance of place—as a unique spatial identity—has been recognized since antiquity. Ancient references to the ‘genius loci’, or spirit of place, evoked not only the location of a distinct atmosphere or environment, but also the protection of this location, and implicitly, its making and construction. This volume examines the concept of place as it relates to architectural production and building knowledge in early modern Europe (1400-1800). The places explored in the book’s ten essays take various forms, from an individual dwelling to a cohesive urban development to an extensive political territory. Within the scope of each study, the authors draw on primary source documents and original research to demonstrate the distinctive features of a given architectural place, and how these are related to a geographic location, social circumstances, and the contributions of individual practitioners. The essays underscore the distinct techniques, practices and organizational structures by which physical places were made in the early modern period.

The Spatial Design Marketing Strategy of Global Franchises That Take into Consideration the Characteristics of Modern Consumers—A Study Involving the Global Coffee Companies of Starbucks and Blue Bottle

Coffee shops are evolving into spaces that offer diverse experiences for consumers, with coffee acting as a medium. They are simple venues where people can drink coffee and enjoy and share their cultures with each other; moreover, coffee shops capture the consumers’ complex individuality and values. Considering this trend, it is worth looking at the coffee shop in connection with spatial design marketing, as a place that has endless potential to effectively express the needs of modern consumers through spatial identity and story. Accordingly, this study is focused on global coffee franchises because a single brand can control factors other than spatial design, such as coffee price, quality, brand identity, and service. This study looks at global coffee franchises from the spatial design marketing perspective, to examine the value and importance of a space as not only one of the elements of spatial design, but also as a marketing agent. To this end, spatial design marketing will be presented for Starbucks and Blue Bottle, which are the front-runners of the global coffee franchise sector. This study also explores the meaning of directional space, within the global coffee franchises, a meaning that will be transformative in the future. This study is significant in that it derived three spatial marketing characteristics and six strategies that can enhance the spatial value of coffee shops and the experiential value of consumers. This was accomplished through an approach focused on Starbucks and Blue Bottle, the most representative global coffee franchises. Moreover, the presented spatial design marketing strategies are not only applicable to coffee franchises but also to various commercial spatial design fields, and are expected to be used as a business methodology that can satisfy the needs of modern consumers and increase the unique value of their brand.

Spatializing the Musicking Of an Expressive Urban Imagination: A Trans-Cultural Evaluation of the Early-Modern Rock Music of Bengal

The technological reproduction of the imaginary has always reflected a polarization in urban consciousness, considering the city as the urban ‘body’—which retains a space for contemporary imaginations. Rock music of the American 60s radiates exactly such urban consciousness by constantly experimenting with lyrics, sounds, images and celebrations, which continually harmonize with the changing industrial and technocratic city structures. This paper explores a progressive cultural synthesis between the American and the early-modern rock music of Bengal. The city of Kolkata in West Bengal has always been repleted with a vibrant ‘representational space’ with a high rate of western-music consumption since the late 1970s, thus reflecting western urban ethos into the Indian urban imagination through modern Bengali rock music. Lefebvre (1974) suggests that the potential for genuine social change is possible only through the city as practised rather than the city as planned; on this note, this paper analyzes how the Indian urban imagination negotiated with the everyday urban experience of distant musical and cultural behaviours through ‘musicking’ by producing a musically reflective space where thought, feelings and different moods are crafted and performed. Further, how, in the age of technical reproduction, rock music produces a ‘counter-space’ by projecting urban ethos, which acts as an exegetic tool for the symptomatic reading of any expressive culture, and makes the city claim its spatial identity.

Sharhorod as a Jewish shtetl at the late 16th – early 20th centuries: particular qualities and typical features of the socio-cultural appearance

Regional historical and cultural studies represent the new areas of regional studies associated with the actualisation of the problems of regional identity in the context of an identification crisis, both at the level of the individual and at the level of the whole ethnic group. The worldview split of society as a product of the pluralism of the postmodern culture of the early 20th century led to the fragmentation of historical knowledge and the mosaic nature of historical structures, the devaluation of the value of a single historical past in the post-Soviet space. In the logic of historical postmodernism the substitution of historical facts becomes possible, which together with the blurring of socio-spatial identity, make the basis for myth-making and distortions of the processes that actually took place in the history and culture of peoples. In the context of the modern information warfare, various anti-Russian historical myths, including the “prison of the nations”, acquire special topicality. The article examines the history of the Jewish ethnos – one of the traditional ethnic groups that used to live in the territory of the Russian Empire at the late 16th – the early 20th centuries in the Ukraine. The object of regional research is Sharhorod, one of the towns of Eastern Podolia (now Vinnytsia Region), a typical Jewish shtetl with characteristic features of socio-cultural appearance. The town arose in 1585 in the lands of the Polish magnate Jan Sariusz Zamoyski, where the geopolitical interests of the Russian and Ottoman empires, Poland, Lithuania and Principality of Moldavia collided.

Assessment of Visual Values as a Tool Supporting the Design Decisions of the Cultural Park Protection Plan. The Case of Kazimierz and Stradom in Kraków

Krakow is a city of high landscape values, which has found confirmation in the entry onto the UNESCO heritage list. Its cultural landscape requires protection and clarification within the context of intensive tourist use and a rapid pace of urban spatial development. For preservation protection and restoration of landscape values, the city authorities undertook work on the creation of a Cultural Park in the Stradom and Kazimierz districts, providing a comprehensive, sustainable, and multidisciplinary approach to natural, cultural and visual values of the urban structure. The article presents the application of the method of research on visual values in order to protect individual scenic resources of the historical urban structure. It is one of the analytical studies of a comprehensive protection plan project. This project defines the scope, framework and methods of development and management of a Cultural Park. The task of the visual analysis was to identify, characterize and evaluate the visual resources. It created a visual framework for further development of the historical district while preserving its local spatial identity. The studies resulted in a division into zones according to their nature and intensity of activities as well as outlining protection zones and intervention zones adjusted to individual characteristics of those places. An original method combining achievements of the method of landscape and visual assessment (LVIA) as well as achievements of the Krakow School of Landscape Architecture (KSLA) in terms of cultural landscape assessment was used for the research. The applied method provided guidelines to support sustainable project decisions regarding further development of the district for the preservation of local spatial identity. Its universal character creates possibilities for its application into the plans of other Krakow districts and is intended to be applicable to both urban and rural structures.