RESEARCH OF THE NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF FRUITS OF DIFFERENT APRICOT VARIETIES GROWN IN THE PLAINS, FOOTHILLS AND MOUNTAIN-VALLEY FRUIT-GROWING AREAS OF DAGESTAN

Представлены результаты определения содержания сахаров, титруемых кислот, витаминов С и Р, фенольных и пектиновых соединений в плодах абрикоса сортов Дженгутаевский, Краснощекий, Хонобах и Шалах, хорошо адаптированных к почвенно-климатическим условиям равнинной, предгорной и горно-долинной плодовых зон. Цель работы – изучение особенностей нутриентного состава в плодах абрикоса в зависимости от сортовой принадлежности и влияния высотного градиента мест выращивания, расположенных на различных высотах над уровнем моря. Определено наиболее перспективное, богатое ценными компонентами плодовое сырье для производства высококачественной импортозамещающей пищевой продукции. Выявленные сортовые различия биохимических комплексов изученных плодов позволяют объективно оценить их пищевые и вкусовые достоинства. Содержание сахаров и титруемых кислот в плодах абрикосов, выращенных в равнинной плодовой зоне, варьировало соответственно от 8,2 (Дженгутаевский) до 11,5 г/100 см3(Хонобах) и от 1,19 (Хонобах) до 1,54% (Дженгутаевский). В плодах сорта Шалах определено наибольшее количество пектиновых веществ – 0,84%, витамина С – 15,7 мг %, фенольных веществ – 137,1 мг % и витамина Р – 72,5 мг %. Количественное содержание всех идентифицированных нутриентов в плодах различалось в зависимости от почвенно-климатических условий произрастания абрикосов. Природные условия предгорья и горных долин способствуют интенсивному накоплению в плодах абрикоса титруемых кислот, витаминов С и Р, фенольных и пектиновых веществ, а почвенно-климатические условия равнины дают возможность образованию в них большей концентрации сахара. Результаты исследования питательной ценности плодов абрикоса могут быть применены для разработки рецептур новых пищевых продуктов, предназначенных для нормализации деятельности различных систем и восполнения дефицита нутриентов в организме человека. Results of studying of qualitative structure and quantitative content of saccharums, titrable acids, vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectinaceous bonds in fetuses of an apricot of grades Dzhengutayevsky, Krasnoshcheky, Honobakh and Shalakh of the flat, foothill and mountain and valley fruit zones which are well adapted to soil climatic conditions are presented in article. The work purpose – studying of features of formation of nutriyentny structure in apricot fetuses depending on high-quality accessory and influence of a high-rise gradient of the places of cultivation located at various heights above sea level. The problem of the choice of the most perspective rich was solved it is nutritious valuable components of fruit raw materials for production of superfine import-substituting food products. The taped high-quality differences of biochemical complexes of the studied fetuses allow to estimate objectively their alimentary and gustatory advantages. Content of saccharums and titrable acids in the apricots which are grown up in a flat fruit zone varied respectively from 8,2 (Dzhengutayevsky) to 11,5 g/100 см3 (Khonobakh) and from 1,19 (Honobakh) to 1,54% (Dzhengutayevsky). In grade fetuses Shalakh the greatest number of pectinaceous substances – 0,84%, vitamin C – 15,7 mg %, phenolic substances – 157,1 mg % and vitamin P – 72,5 mg % is defined. Quantitative content of all identified nutrients in apricots differed depending on in what soil climatic conditions they grow. An environment of the foothills and mountain valleys promote the strengthened accumulation in apricots of titrable acids, vitamins C and P, phenolic and pectinaceous substances, and soil climatic conditions of the plain gave the chance to concentrate more saccharum in apricot fetuses. The received data on nutritional value of the studied apricots can be applied to development of compoundings of the new foodstuff intended for normalization of activity of various systems in a human body and deficiency restores on nutrients.

Study of ectoparasitic fauna diversity in wild birds from various anthropic biotopes of the Republic of Moldova

The results of the complex parasitological studies conducted in the wild birds of hunting interest as well as domestic birds demonstrates that the phenomenon of the poliparasitism is a static one, although the poliparasitic quantitative and qualitative structure is continuously changing. This is due to instantaneous contact of the wild birds with the domestic ones, irregular deparasiting of domestic animals and their crates, reduced areas for animals breading and maintenance that ensures the permanent contact with the wild birds as the infestation source. The findings of the study on the diversity of the ectoparasitic fauna in wild birds from various anthropic biotopes of Moldova revealed that the wild and domestic birds are infested with multiple parasites and that the most identified parasitoses are common for major birds of hunting interest as well as for the domestic birds.

Two myths of representational measurement

Axiomatic measurement theories are commonly interpreted as claiming that, in order to quantify an empirical domain, the qualitative structure of data about that domain must be mapped to a numerical structure. Such mapping is supposed to be established independently, i.e., without presupposing that the domain can be quantified. This interpretation is based on two myths: that it is possible to independently infer the qualitative structure of objects from empirical data, and that the adequacy of numerical representations can only be justified by mapping such qualitative structures to numerical ones. I dispel the myths, and show that axiomatic measurement theories provide an inadequate characterization of the kind of evidence required to detect quantities.

Evaluation of geographical indication for the clay handicraft from a city in the Northeast of Brazil

Geographical indications (GIs) can provide quality perception to a product by recognizing its unique characteristics, which creates the expectation that the registration of a GI is associated with its regional economic development. According to the literature, there are two types of GI: appellation of origin (AO) and indication of source (IS). The present study aimed to evaluate the best practice for obtaining an IS for the clay handicrafts produced in the municipality of Santana do São Francisco, in the northeast region of Brazil. Applied research, with a qualitative structure, was the methodology used to identify and select the ideal agents that potentiate the gains resulting from the GI. The evaluation was based on the methodology defined by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply of Brazil (Mapa), adapted for the qualification of agents able to carry out the necessary actions for the recognition process. The results showed that the Association of Artisans and the Brazilian Micro and Small Business Support Service (Sebrae) could act as the requesting and support entities, respectively, since both fulfill the requirements to work in favor of obtaining an indication of source in Santana do São Francisco.

Biogeography of the Southern Ocean: environmental factors driving mesoplankton distribution South of Africa

Spatial distribution of zooplankton communities depends on numerous factors, especially temperature and salinity conditions (hydrological factor), sampled depth, chlorophyll concentration, and diel cycle. We analyzed and compared the impact of these factors on mesoplankton abundance, biodiversity, quantitative structure based on proportion of taxa and qualitative structure based on presence/absence of taxa in the Southern Ocean. Samples (43 stations, three vertical strata sampled at each station, 163 taxa identified) were collected with a Juday net along the SR02 transect in December 2009. Mesoplankton abundance in discrete vertical layers ranged from 0.2 to 13,743.6 ind. m−3, i.e., five orders of magnitude, maximal and minimal values were recorded in the upper mixed and in the deepest layer, respectively. Within the combined 300-m layer, abundances ranged from 16.0 to 1,455.0 ind. m−3, i.e., two orders of magnitude suggesting that integral samples provide little information about actual variations of mesoplankton abundances. A set of analyses showed that depth was the major driver of mesoplankton distribution (abundance, biodiversity, quantitative structure), hydrological factors influenced two of them (quantitative and qualitative structure), chlorophyll concentration strongly affected only quantitative structure, and diel cycle had an insignificant effect on mesoplankton distribution. Using our current knowledge of the fine structure of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, we compared effects of four hydrological fronts, i.e., boundaries between different water-masses with distinct environmental characteristics, and eight dynamic jets (narrow yet very intense currents) on mesoplankton distribution. Subtropical, Polar, and Subantarctic Fronts drove quantitative and qualitative structure of mesoplankton assemblages (decreasing in order of influence), while the Southern Boundary affected only qualitative structure. Effects of dynamic jets were insignificant. We suggest that mesoplankton composition is driven by hydrological parameters and further maintained through compartmentalization by fronts. Impact of local eddies and meanders on biodiversity, abundance, qualitative and quantitative structure of mesoplankton is comparable to that of hydrological fronts. Qualitative structure of mesoplankton assemblages mirrors hydrological structure of the Southern Ocean better than quantitative structure and may be recommended for biogeographic analyses of the Southern Ocean. Comparisons with previous reports from the same area retrieved no significant changes in mesoplankton distribution during the period 1992–2009.

Preliminary Study of the Effect of Chemical and Organic Fertilizers on a Semi-Natural Grassland in Vlăhiţa, Harghita Mountains, Romania

The aim of the research was to examine the effect of different fertilizers on the floristic composition and biomass yield of the semi-natural grassland used as hayfield near Vlăhița locality (Harghita County, Romania) in order to improve its management. In the same time the qualitative structure of the studied grassland was evaluated after the first application of the fertilizers. The vegetation survey was made before mowing, and a total of 84 plant taxa were identified. The studied plant community belongs to the association Festuco-Agrostetum capillaris Horv. 1951. From the 31 fodder species, 13 had very good or good nutritional value. The qualitative structure analysis indicates that the vegetation has developed under moderate anthropogenic pressure. Beside the Euro-Asian elements the Circumpolar and the Cosmopolite elements were well represented. Many species with high tolerance for temperature, soil pH, and soil mineral nitrogen content were registered. After the first application of fertilizers in all treated plots the biodiversity increased compared to the control plot. Fertilized plots also had a significantly higher biomass yield than the control plot. All fertilizers reduced the proportion of the species with good nutritional value from the Poaceae family. Organic fertilizer affected positively the proportion of other plant families than Poaceae and Fabaceae. Long-term experiments are necessary to evaluate the response of the vegetation on treatment with organic fertilizer in order to optimize productivity of the hayfield and sustain species richness.

Qualitative-Quantitative Analysis of the „Ciplara“ Purse Seine Catches in the Adriatic Sea

Pelagic fisheries in the area of the eastern part of the Adriatic Sea, more precisely in the Croatian fishing grounds, are one of the most important types of fisheries in Croatia. In this paper, the quantitative and qualitative structure of catches obtained by the „ciplara“ purse seine in the Croatian part of the Adriatic Sea was analysed between 2013 and 2018. According to the data collected, the largest catches by this fishing gear were made in the coastal area, precisely in the fishing zones/sub-zones A/A4, E/E2, F/F2, C/C4 and G/G1. 70% of the catches consisted of targeted species, which indicates that the studied „ciplara“ purse seine is a selective fishing gear. Biological analyses are given for four target species.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of criminal and administrative punishments against persons who committed theft

This article analyzes the effectiveness of the modern system of criminal and administrative penalties that are applied to persons guilty of stealing property. The problems associated with achieving the goal of punishment to ensure general and private prevention are identified. A serious volume of statistical data on the quantitative and qualitative structure of crimes, as well as offenses related to theft of property, is being investigated and promised.

Features of the microbial landscape of patients' wounds at different periods of existence

Aim: to analyze the results of a microbiological diagnostics of wound swabs in patients with wounds of different duration. Material and methods. The results of bacteriological swabs of 405 wound samples from acute wounds (AW, up to 3 weeks, n=176) and chronic wounds (CW, more than 3 weeks, n=229) were analyzed. Results. Differences were found between the groups in the frequency of obtaining negative swabs (in AW – 24.7% [18.6; 30.9] cases), detection of monocultures (in AW – 50.9% [45.3; 56.5] cases) and microbial associations (in CW – 42.0% [35.4; 48.6]). Gram(+) bacteria – 73.1% and 62.1% (Staphylococcus spp., E. faecalis, Streptococcus gr. viridans) were dominant in wounds; Gram(-) bacteria (23.8% in AW and 33.6% in CW), represented by Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter, in CW were characterized by a wider species diversity. Only Gram(+) bacteria were found in AW up to 1 day of the existence; a change in the qualitative composition of microflora was manifested starting from the 10th day of the existence of wounds in the form of the appearance of Enterobacterales, Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. The prevalence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci strains was 52% and 54% for AW, 42% and 72% for CW, respectively. E. faecalis showed a high level of resistance to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in all the wounds (>50% of isolates). Gram(+) bacteria were completely susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, and tigecycline. The sensitivity of A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa to carbapenems in all cases was high – 69% and 74%, to colistin – 100%. The sensitivity to aminoglycosides – amikacin, tobramycin in P. aeruginosa was 76% and 78%, in A. baumannii – 48% and 59%, respectively. K. pneumoniae showed complete sensitivity to carbapenems. Other Enterobacteriaceae were less resistant than K. pneumoniae. Conclusion. The results of a microbiological diagnostics of wound swabs made it possible to determine the qualitative structure of microflora and its differences depending on the duration of wound existence. The data obtained are the basis for further research, allowing to establish priority pathogens that disrupt the process of wound healing and are the cause of the formation of chronic wounds.

Fungi associated with Armillaria spp. rhizomorphs on Populus tremula L.

The economic significance of aspen Populus tremula l. is only marginal, which is the main reason for its low share in the structure of stands. however, aspen can play a decisive ecological role as a pioneer tree in the succession of forest communities and may decrease the occurrence of pathogenic fungi. Aspen is also dying out and in order to determine possible biotic causes, we examined taxa of fungi using classical and molecular methods in the area of the Czerwony Dwór Forest District, Subdistrict Rogale, compartments 74b and 75j. The health of aspen trees and the quantitative and qualitative structure of microorganisms associated with Armillaria spp. was evaluated. Based on our health assessment of the aspen, we conclude that the main reason for its dying out is the intensification of root rot, which is a result of Armillaria spp weakening the trees. In the general pool of Armillaria-associated microorganisms, saprotrophs were dominating, and the fungus Fomitopsis pinicola commonly inhabited the poplar stems, whereas pathogen antagonists comprised the lowest proportion. In the quantitative and qualitative structure of fungi found in rhizomorphs, the composition of ecological groups inhabiting stumps was found to be favourable nevertheless. The increasing frequency of pathogens on the logs is a major premise for removing trees affected by Armillaria, because aspen stumps are a good food base for A. cepistipes and A. ostoyae which ultimately spread within the stand. Treatment of stumps with preparations stimulating the decomposition of wood is not recommended for logs that form the food base for pathogenic fungi.