Influence of nitrogen, plant growth stage, and environment on charcoal rot of grain sorghum caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid

1994 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Cloud ◽  
J. C. Rupe
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Nitrogen Plant

Plant growth promotion and suppression of charcoal-rot fungus (Macrophomina phaseolina) in velvet bean (Mucuna pruriensL.) by root nodule bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 165 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 463-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav Aeron ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Maheshwari ◽  
Shrivardhan Dheeman ◽  
Mohit Agarwal ◽  
Ramesh Chand Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promotion ◽  
Root Nodule ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Nodule Bacteria ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Root Nodule Bacteria

Effects of Grain Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)Herbicides on Charcoal Rot Fungus

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Russin ◽  
Carol H. Carter ◽  
James L. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Sorghum Bicolor ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Colony Diameter ◽  
Causal Fungus ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Fungal Colony

Laboratory and greenhouse studies examined effects of atrazine, alachlor, and metolachlor on growth and colonization of grain sorghum roots byMacrophomina phaseolina, causal fungus for charcoal rot disease. In laboratory studies, all three herbicides reduced fungal colony diameter and increased production of microsclerotia. Alachlor and metolachlor reduced germination of fungal microsclerotia. Atrazine did not affect microsclerotia germination, but lessened the effects of alachlor and metolachlor on germination when applied in combination. In greenhouse studies, atrazine reduced numbers ofM. phaseolinamicrosclerotia recovered from soil after 8 wk, and this resulted in reduced colonization of roots by this fungus at harvest. Colonization of grain sorghum roots byM. phaseolinawas not affected by alachlor or metolachlor. Grain sorghum growth was reduced by atrazine at all intervals and by alachlor and metolachlor at harvest, despite use of seed safened with cyometrinil.

scholarly journals The Necrotrophic Fungus Macrophomina phaseolina Promotes Charcoal Rot Susceptibility in Grain Sorghum Through Induced Host Cell-Wall-Degrading Enzymes

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 948-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. M. A. Y. Bandara ◽  
D. K. Weerasooriya ◽  
S. Liu ◽  
C. R. Little
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Glycosyl Hydrolase ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Degrading Enzymes ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Polygalacturonase Activity

The cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDE) secreted by necrotrophs are important virulence factors. Although not unequivocally demonstrated, it has been suggested that necrotrophs induce hosts to cooperate in disease development through manipulation of host CWDE. The necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot disease in Sorghum bicolor. An RNA-seq experiment was conducted to investigate the behavior of sorghum CWDE-encoding genes after M. phaseolina inoculation. Results revealed M. phaseolina’s ability to significantly upregulate pectin methylesterase-, polygalacturonase-, cellulase-, endoglucanase-, and glycosyl hydrolase-encoding genes in a charcoal rot-susceptible sorghum genotype (Tx7000) but not in a resistant genotype (SC599). For functional validation, crude enzyme mixtures were extracted from M. phaseolina- and mock-inoculated charcoal-rot-resistant (SC599 and SC35) and -susceptible (Tx7000 and BTx3042) sorghum genotype stalks. A gel diffusion assay (pectin substrate) revealed significantly increased pectin methylesterase activity in M. phaseolina-inoculated Tx7000 and BTx3042. Polygalacturonase activity was determined using a ruthenium red absorbance assay (535 nm). Significantly increased polygalacturonase activity was observed in two susceptible genotypes after M. phaseolina inoculation. The activity of cellulose-degrading enzymes was determined using a 2-cyanoacetamide fluorimetric assay (excitation and emission maxima at 331 and 383 nm, respectively). The assay revealed significantly increased cellulose-degrading enzyme activity in M. phaseolina-inoculated Tx7000 and BTx3042. These findings revealed M. phaseolina’s ability to promote charcoal rot susceptibility in grain sorghum through induced host CWDE.

scholarly journals Identification of New Biocontrol Agent against Charcoal Rot Disease Caused by Macrophomina phaseolina in Soybean (Glycine max L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6856
Author(s):  
Humaira Yasmin ◽  
Rabia Naz ◽  
Asia Nosheen ◽  
Muhammad Nadeem Hassan ◽  
Noshin Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Charcoal Rot ◽  
Bacillus Clausii ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Rot Disease

Controlling agricultural pests using suitable biocontrol agents has been considered the best strategy for sustainable agriculture. Charcoal rot caused by a necrotrophic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina is responsible for a 30–50% annual reduction in soybean yield worldwide. Little is known about the role of Bacillus clausii in reducing charcoal rot disease severity in the soybean crop. In this study, we investigated plant growth promoting and antagonistic potential of Pseudomonas putida (MT604992) and Bacillus clausii (MT604989) against charcoal rot disease incidence in soybean. Among twenty bacteria isolated from soil and water samples of two different hot springs of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan, 80% were siderophore positive; 65% were hydrogen cyanide (HCN) positive; 55%, 30%, and 75% were phosphate, potassium, and zinc solubilizers, respectively. Based on higher antagonistic activities and plant growth promoting traits five strains were selected for in vitro screening. Out of all tested strains, Pseudomonas putida and Bacillus clausii showed a significant increase in germination, growth, and disease suppression in soybean. These strains produced a pronounced increase in relative water content, photosynthetic pigments, membrane stability, proline, antioxidant enzymes status, phytohormones content (Salicylic acid, and Jasmonic acid), and disease suppression in comparison to control plants. Bacillus clausii mitigated the disease by 97% with a marked increase in the proline content (73% and 89%), superoxide dismutase (356% and 208%), peroxidase (439% and 138.6%), catalase (255.8% and 80.8%), and ascorbate peroxidase (228% and 90%) activities in shoots and roots, respectively. Infected plants showed an increase in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid content which was further increased with the application of the selected strains to increase resistance against pathogens. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a rise in salicylic acid and jasmonic acid in Macrophomina phaseolina infected plants. These two strains are suggested as a cost-effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable alternative to chemical fungicides. However, there is a need to explore the field testing and molecular mechanisms leading to disease suppression by these strains.

Soybean Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency Detection as Influenced by Plant Growth Stage

1988 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Hallmark ◽  
C. J. DeMooy ◽  
H. F. Mooris ◽  
John Pesek ◽  
K. P. Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Growth Stage ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium
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