Soybean Phosphorus and Potassium Deficiency Detection as Influenced by Plant Growth Stage

The use of biofertilizers is important for sustainable agriculture, and the use of nodule bacteria and endophytic actinomycetes is an attractive way to enhance plant growth and yield. This study tested the effects of a biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium strains and Streptomyces griseoflavus on leguminous, cereal, and vegetable crops. Nitrogen fixation was measured using the acetylene reduction assay. Under N-limited or N-supplemented conditions, the biofertilizer significantly promoted the shoot and root growth of mung bean, cowpea, and soybean compared with the control. Therefore, the biofertilizer used in this study was effective in mung bean, cowpea, and soybean regardless of N application. In this study, significant increments in plant growth, nodulation, nitrogen fixation, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) uptake, and seed yield were found in mung beans and soybeans. Therefore, Bradyrhizobium japonicum SAY3-7 plus Bradyrhizobium elkanii BLY3-8 and Streptomyces griseoflavus are effective bacteria that can be used together as biofertilizer for the production of economically important leguminous crops, especially soybean and mung bean. The biofertilizer produced from Bradyrhizobium and S. griseoflavus P4 will be useful for both soybean and mung bean production.

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Hormesis with glyphosate depends on coffee growth stage

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências ◽

10.1590/s0001-37652013005000027 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 85 (2) ◽

pp. 813-822 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

LEONARDO B. DE CARVALHO ◽

PEDRO L.C.A. ALVES ◽

STEPHEN O. DUKE

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Weed Management ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Coffee Plant ◽

Herbicide Application ◽

Coffee Plantations ◽

Plant Growth Stages ◽

Coffee Plants ◽

Almost All

Weed management systems in almost all Brazilian coffee plantations allow herbicide spray to drift on crop plants. In order to evaluate if there is any effect of the most commonly used herbicide in coffee production, glyphosate, on coffee plants, a range of glyphosate doses were applied directly on coffee plants at two distinct plant growth stages. Although growth of both young and old plants was reduced at higher glyphosate doses, low doses caused no effects on growth characteristics of young plants and stimulated growth of older plants. Therefore, hormesis with glyphosate is dependent on coffee plant growth stage at the time of herbicide application.

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Effect of Spray Components on Glyphosate Toxicity to Annual Grasses

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500068673 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 31 (1) ◽

pp. 124-130 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Douglas D. Buhler ◽

Orvin C. Burnside

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Water Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Surfactant Concentration ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Annual Grass ◽

Spray Solution ◽

Annual Grasses ◽

Small Grains ◽

Carrier Volume

Field and greenhouse research was conducted during 1980 and 1981 to evaluate the effects of carrier volume, surfactant concentration, and treatment date on glyphosate [N- (phosphonomethyl)glycine] toxicity to annual-grass weeds and volunteer small grains. Glyphosate phytotoxicity increased as carrier volume was decreased from 190 to 24 L/ha. The presence of a surfactant in the spray solution did not influence grass control when glyphosate was applied in a carrier volume of 24 L/ha. When glyphosate was applied in 48 or 95 L/ha, the presence of surfactant resulted in better grass control than glyphosate without surfactant. When applied in 190 L/ha, glyphosate with 0.5% (v/v) surfactant gave better grass control than glyphosate alone or commercially formulated glyphosate. When glyphosate was applied to plants under water stress, little control was achieved regardless of plant growth stage. Glyphosate application to grass after head initiation also resulted in reduced control. Maximum weed control with glyphosate was attained when applications were made to seedlings growing actively because of adequate soil moisture and favorable temperatures.

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Scale-Dependent Effects of Growth Stage and Elevational Gradient on Rice Phyllosphere Bacterial and Fungal Microbial Patterns in the Terrace Field

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.766128 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Pei Wang ◽

Jianping Dai ◽

Luyun Luo ◽

Yong Liu ◽

Decai Jin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Elevational Gradient ◽

Fungal Communities ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Elevation Gradients ◽

Positive Correlation ◽

Α Diversity ◽

Phyllosphere Bacteria

The variation of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities along elevation gradients may provide a potential link with temperature, which corresponds to an elevation over short geographic distances. At the same time, the plant growth stage is also an important factor affecting phyllosphere microorganisms. Understanding microbiological diversity over changes in elevation and among plant growth stages is important for developing crop growth ecological theories. Thus, we investigated variations in the composition of the rice phyllosphere bacterial and fungal communities at five sites along an elevation gradient from 580 to 980 m above sea level (asl) in the Ziquejie Mountain at the seedling, heading, and mature stages, using high-throughput Illumina sequencing methods. The results revealed that the dominant bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes, and the dominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, which varied significantly at different elevation sites and growth stages. Elevation had a greater effect on the α diversity of phyllosphere bacteria than on that phyllosphere fungi. Meanwhile, the growth stage had a great effect on the α diversity of both phyllosphere bacteria and fungi. Our results also showed that the composition of bacterial and fungal communities varied significantly along elevation within the different growth stages, in terms of both changes in the relative abundance of species, and that the variations in bacterial and fungal composition were well correlated with variations in the average elevation. A total of 18 bacterial and 24 fungal genera were significantly correlated with elevational gradient, displaying large differences at the various growth stages. Soluble protein (SP) shared a strong positive correlation with bacterial and fungal communities (p < 0.05) and had a strong significant negative correlation with Serratia, Passalora, unclassified_Trichosphaeriales, and antioxidant enzymes (R > 0.5, p < 0.05), and significant positive correlation with the fungal genera Xylaria, Gibberella, and Penicillium (R > 0.5, p < 0.05). Therefore, it suggests that elevation and growth stage might alter both the diversity and abundance of phyllosphere bacterial and fungal populations.

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Efisiensi Penggunaan Cahaya Matahari dan Partisi Karbohidrat Tanaman Sorgum pada Berbagai Tingkat Pemupukan Nitrogen

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v45i3.13580 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 278 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Firmansyah Aznur ◽

Suwarto , ◽

Dan Heni Purnamawati

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Block Design ◽

N Fertilization ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Light Use Efficiency ◽

Flowering Stage ◽

Crop Modelling ◽

Experimental Station ◽

Use Efficiency

Light use efficiency (LUE) determines biomass production based on interception energy during photosynthesis. The product of photosynthesis is allocated to the plants organs based on the partitioning of carbohydrates. The LUE and carbohydrate partitioning are two important parameters in crop modelling. The research was conducted at Cikabayan experimental station of IPB, Bogor from July to November 2015. The experiment was designed according to a randomize block design with five replications. The fertilizer treatments rate were 0%, 50%, 100%, 150%, and 200% of reference N fertilization of 120 kg ha-1. The value of light use efficiency and the partition coefficient of sorghum were not affected by N fertilization. The value of light use efficiency is 1.41 g MJ-1. The carbohydrates partitioning was developed based on plant growth stage. The partition from the planting to the emergence stage (0 ≤ s ≤ 0.25) was 0.81 x s/0.25 root, 0 stem, 0.19 x s/0.25 leaves, and 0 panicle. The partition from the emergence to the maximum vegetative stage (0.25 < s ≤ 0.5) was 0.81-(0.59 x s/0.5) root, 0.14 x s/0.5 stem, 0.19 + (0.45 x s/0.5) leaves, and 0 panicle. The partition from the maximum vegetative stage to the flowering stage (0.5 < s ≤ 0.75) was 0.22 - (0.09 x s/0.75) root, 0.14 + (0.39 x s/0.75) stem, 0.64 - (0.46 x s/0.75) leaves, and 0.16 x s/0.75 panicle. The partition from flowering to the harvest stage (0.75 < s ≤ 1) was 0.13 - (0.13 x s) root, 0.53 - (0.52 x s) stem, 0.18-(0.18 x s) leaves, and 0.16 + (0.84 x s) panicle.<br /><br />Keywords: crop modelling, light use efficiency, N fertilizer, partitioning carbohydrates<br /><br />

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Phosphorus and Potassium Solubilization From Rock Minerals by Endophytic Burkholderia sp. Strain FDN2-1 in Soil and Shift in Diversity of Bacterial Endophytes of Corn Root Tissue with Crop Growth Stage

Geomicrobiology Journal ◽

10.1080/01490451.2020.1734691 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 37 (6) ◽

pp. 550-563 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vikas Baghel ◽

Jyoti Kumar Thakur ◽

Shashi S. Yadav ◽

Madhab Chandra Manna ◽

Asit Mandal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Stage ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Root Tissue ◽

Bacterial Endophytes ◽

Corn Root ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium ◽

Crop Growth Stage ◽

Rock Minerals

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Susceptibility of Winter Wheat and Triticale to Yellow Rust Influenced by Complex Interactions between Vernalisation, Temperature, Plant Growth Stage and Pathogen Race

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 13 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Julian Rodriguez-Algaba ◽

Chris K. Sørensen ◽

Rodrigo Labouriau ◽

Annemarie F. Justesen ◽

Mogens S. Hovmøller

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Growth Stage ◽

Disease Susceptibility ◽

Yellow Rust ◽

Adult Plant ◽

Rust Susceptibility ◽

Adult Plants ◽

Increased Susceptibility

Environmental factors influence the disease susceptibility of crop plants. In this study, we established an experimental system to investigate the effects of vernalisation, temperature and plant growth stage on the susceptibility of winter wheat and winter triticale to Puccinia striiformis, the causal agent of yellow (stripe) rust. Two temperature regimes: standard (18 °C day/12 °C night) and low (12 °C day/6 °C night), vernalised and non-vernalised seedlings, vernalised adult plants and two pathogen races were investigated. At low temperatures, vernalisation reduced the susceptibility of seedlings exposed to the ‘Warrior’ race, while this was only the case for five out of eight varieties exposed to the ‘Kranich’ race. Changing from standard to low temperature resulted in increased susceptibility of non-vernalised seedlings of seven varieties inoculated with the ‘Warrior’ race and five varieties inoculated with the ‘Kranich’ race. Increased susceptibility at low temperature was also detected for several varieties at the adult plant growth stage. Comparisons between vernalised seedlings and adult plants revealed an effect of plant growth stage on disease susceptibility (e.g., Adult Plant Resistance) in five varieties at standard temperature for the ‘Warrior’ race and in five and four varieties at standard and low temperature respectively, for the ‘Kranich’ race. The complex and unpredictable interactions between environment and pathogen influencing yellow rust susceptibility of individual varieties stress the importance of phenotyping for disease resistance under different environmental conditions and pathogen populations. The environmental impact on rust susceptibility should also be taken into account in early-warning systems targeting wheat and triticale breeding programmes and growers.

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