Life history patterns of six sympatric species of Leptophlebiidae (Ephemeroptera) in a New Zealand stream and the role of interspecific competition in their evolution

Hydrobiologia ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Towns
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Life History Patterns

scholarly journals The role of New Zealand endemic lizards in Salmonella transmission in the takahē translocation network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shanna Rose
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Significant Mortality

<p>The dynamics of disease in wildlife populations often involve a complex relationship between physiological, environmental and ecological variables. Defining the pattern of pathogen infection between primary hosts, sympatric species and their environments is crucial in the understanding of potential impacts a pathogen may have on its host species. Very little is known about pathogens of native, New Zealand wildlife. Understanding the role pathogens play in structuring communities is crucial in the conservation of threatened New Zealand wildlife species. Salmonella is an important pathogen of reptiles, birds and mammals, and Salmonellosis has caused significant mortality in wildlife around the world. Recently, Salmonella has been isolated from takahē from a private island in the takahē translocation network. Reptiles have been implicated as asymptomatic carriers and transmitters of Salmonella, and lizards from a private (undisclosed) island have been implicated in the transmission of Salmonella to takahē. To investigate the capacity for lizards to act as a Salmonella reservoir in the takahē translocation network, I examined the distribution, abundance and Salmonella prevalence of lizards within takahē territories on the private island and on Maud Island where takahē also reside. Additionally, I investigated the presence of Salmonella in soil and water samples from takahē territories on the private island, Maud Island and at the Burwood Bush takahē rearing facility. Lizard densities on the private island were estimated to be between 466-6020 lizards/ha, and 118-1528 lizards/ha on Maud Island. Salmonella serovars concurrent with those isolated from takahē were isolated from 2% of lizards, 25% of water and 50% of soil samples on the private island, indicating that lizards and the environment play an important role in transmission and maintenance of Salmonella to takahē. Salmonella was not isolated from lizards or environmental samples on Maud Island or at Burwood Bush, indicating prevalence too low to detect in this study or a Salmonella reservoir unique to the private island. Further investigation of Salmonella sources; serovars and seasonal patterns of Salmonella infection is needed to better inform takahē translocation actions on the private island. Additionally, further examination of Salmonella in lizards and the environment is necessary to assess the risk of Salmonella infection to takahē on Maud Island.</p>

Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture

2008 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Life History ◽  
Consistent Pattern ◽  
Lota Lota ◽  
Seasonal Movements ◽  
Life History Patterns ◽  
Kootenay Lake ◽  
Kootenai River

Abstract.—Movements of 11 sonic tagged burbot <em>Lota lota </em>were examined in the Kootenai River, Idaho, USA and Kootenay River and Kootenay Lake, British Columbia, Canada through up to three spawning seasons. Our objectives were to determine seasonal movements, differences in behavior of individual burbot, and the role of temperature and discharge on prespawn movement. Burbot demonstrated multiple movement patterns: 3 burbot were very mobile, 3 appeared to be intermediate in activity, and 5 were sedentary in summer, while 2 of the 11 entered Kootenay Lake and returned to the river. Most burbot began in autumn what may have been prespawn migrations when river temperatures fell to a range of 3.0–4.9°C. Six burbot entered the Goat River during the spawning season, of which five showed a multiple-year pattern of fidelity, and four returned to an apparent home pool and then exhibited sedentary behavior until the following winter. Three of the 11 burbot demonstrated an apparent nonspawning or rest year, but this was thought to be habitat-related. Logistic regression analysis of three of the six fish entering the Goat River suggested their migration to be best correlated to decreasing temperature and discharge. If the logistic model were representative of the population, then predicted migrations of burbot to the Goat River during winter would have followed a consistent pattern in November preLibby Dam, while postLibby Dam showed migrations to be unpredictable. Results of this study suggest that burbot had multiple life history patterns and several spawning locations and that rehabilitation measures should promote cooler winter water temperatures less than 5°C and discharges less than 300 m<sup>3</sup>/s.

scholarly journals The role of New Zealand endemic lizards in Salmonella transmission in the takahē translocation network

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Shanna Rose
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Seasonal Patterns ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
Significant Mortality

<p>The dynamics of disease in wildlife populations often involve a complex relationship between physiological, environmental and ecological variables. Defining the pattern of pathogen infection between primary hosts, sympatric species and their environments is crucial in the understanding of potential impacts a pathogen may have on its host species. Very little is known about pathogens of native, New Zealand wildlife. Understanding the role pathogens play in structuring communities is crucial in the conservation of threatened New Zealand wildlife species. Salmonella is an important pathogen of reptiles, birds and mammals, and Salmonellosis has caused significant mortality in wildlife around the world. Recently, Salmonella has been isolated from takahē from a private island in the takahē translocation network. Reptiles have been implicated as asymptomatic carriers and transmitters of Salmonella, and lizards from a private (undisclosed) island have been implicated in the transmission of Salmonella to takahē. To investigate the capacity for lizards to act as a Salmonella reservoir in the takahē translocation network, I examined the distribution, abundance and Salmonella prevalence of lizards within takahē territories on the private island and on Maud Island where takahē also reside. Additionally, I investigated the presence of Salmonella in soil and water samples from takahē territories on the private island, Maud Island and at the Burwood Bush takahē rearing facility. Lizard densities on the private island were estimated to be between 466-6020 lizards/ha, and 118-1528 lizards/ha on Maud Island. Salmonella serovars concurrent with those isolated from takahē were isolated from 2% of lizards, 25% of water and 50% of soil samples on the private island, indicating that lizards and the environment play an important role in transmission and maintenance of Salmonella to takahē. Salmonella was not isolated from lizards or environmental samples on Maud Island or at Burwood Bush, indicating prevalence too low to detect in this study or a Salmonella reservoir unique to the private island. Further investigation of Salmonella sources; serovars and seasonal patterns of Salmonella infection is needed to better inform takahē translocation actions on the private island. Additionally, further examination of Salmonella in lizards and the environment is necessary to assess the risk of Salmonella infection to takahē on Maud Island.</p>

Searching for ‘success’: generation, gender and onward migration in the Iranian diaspora

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Young Age ◽  
Onward Migration ◽  
Social Fields ◽  
Transnational Social Fields ◽  
High Level ◽  
Iranian Diaspora

This article uses the concepts of ‘transnational social fields’ and ‘habitus’ to explore the multifaceted role families play in shaping the aspirations of onward migrating youth. The article draws on biographical life history interviews conducted with the children of Iranian migrants who were raised in Sweden but moved to London, UK as adults. The findings of the study suggest that from a young age, all the participants were pressured by their parents to perform well academically, and to achieve high level careers. These goals were easier to achieve in London than in Sweden for several reasons. Interestingly, however, participants’ understandings of what constituted success and their motivations for onward migration were nuanced and varied considerably by gender. The study contributes to an understanding of the role of multi-sited transnational social fields in shaping the aspirations of migrant youths, as well as the strategies taken up by these migrants to achieve their goals.

Queering Gender Identity Work: A Life History of a Black Transgender Woman

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esethu Monakali
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
Ongoing Effort ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Individual

This article offers an analysis of the identity work of a black transgender woman through life history research. Identity work pertains to the ongoing effort of authoring oneself and positions the individual as the agent; not a passive recipient of identity scripts. The findings draw from three life history interviews. Using thematic analysis, the following themes emerge: institutionalisation of gender norms; gender and sexuality unintelligibility; transitioning and passing; and lastly, gender expression and public spaces. The discussion follows from a poststructuralist conception of identity, which frames identity as fluid and as being continually established. The study contends that identity work is a complex and fragmented process, which is shaped by other social identities. To that end, the study also acknowledges the role of collective agency in shaping gender identity.

Information-seeking to Support Personal and Community Wellbeing: Report of a study of New Zealand Men Using Focus Groups

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peta Wellstead
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Support Services ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Structural Constraints ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Groupes De Discussion

This paper reports part of an ongoing study exploring the information behaviour of New Zealand men during periods of diminished health and wellbeing. Focus groups were used for this iteration of the study. Results indicate that New Zealand men face both personal and structural constraints to their information-seeking during periods when their health and wellbeing may be compromised. This study highlights that service providers need to develop more effective information delivery mechanisms and support services for men. These services need to be appealing to men and reflect men’s information seeking preferences. The role of LIS professionals in supporting this endeavour is discussed. Cet article présente une étude en cours explorant le comportement informationnel d’ hommes néo-zélandais durant des périodes où leur état de santé et de bien-être est amoindri. Des groupes de discussion ont été utilisés pour cette itération de l'étude. Les résultats indiquent que les hommes en Nouvelle-Zélande font face à des contraintes à la fois  personnelles et structurelles dans leur recherche d'information pendant les périodes où leur santé et leur bien-être peuvent être affaiblis. Cette étude met en évidence le besoin pour les fournisseurs de services de développer des mécanismes de diffusion de l'information plus efficaces et des services de soutien pour les hommes. Ces services doivent être attrayants et refléter les préférences des hommes dans leurs recherches d’information. Le rôle des professionnels de l'information dans le soutien à cette entreprise est discuté.

The intrinsic mechanism of life history trade-offs: The mediating role of control striving

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan WANG ◽  
Zhenchao LIN ◽  
Bowen HOU ◽  
Shijin SUN
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Control Striving
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