Investigation of linkage drag in near isogenic lines of wheat by testing for seedling reaction to races of stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust

Euphytica ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Zeven ◽  
D. R. Knott ◽  
R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines

scholarly journals Gene Expression Patterns in Near Isogenic Lines for Wheat Rust Resistance Gene Lr34/Yr18

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (9) ◽  
pp. 1083-1093 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Hulbert ◽  
J. Bai ◽  
J. P. Fellers ◽  
M. G. Pacheco ◽  
R. L. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Pr Proteins ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Flag Leaves ◽  
Isogenic Lines

The Lr34/Yr18 resistance gene provides durable, adult-plant, slow rusting resistance to leaf rust, yellow rust, and several other diseases of wheat. Flag leaves may exhibit spontaneous leaf tip necrosis and tips are more resistant than leaf bases. Despite the importance of this gene, the mechanism of resistance is unknown. Patterns of expression for 55,052 transcripts were examined by microarray analysis in mock-inoculated flag leaves of two pairs of wheat near isogenic lines for Lr34/Yr18 (Jupateco 73S/Jupateco 73R and Thatcher/Thatcher-Lr34). The Thatcher isolines were also examined for patterns of expression after inoculation with leaf rust. Mock-inoculated leaf tips of resistant plants showed up-regulation of 57 transcripts generally associated with ABA inducibility, osmotic stress, cold stress, and/or seed maturation. Several transcripts may be useful as expression markers for Lr34/Yr18. Five transcripts were also up-regulated in resistant leaf bases. The possible role of these transcripts in resistance is discussed. In mock-inoculated plants, pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins were not up-regulated in resistant flag leaves compared with that in susceptible flag leaves. In inoculated plants, the same set of PR proteins was up-regulated in both resistant and susceptible flag leaves. However, expression was often higher in resistant plants, suggesting a possible role for Lr34/Yr18 in priming of defense responses.

Comparative analysis of genetic background in eight near-isogenic wheat lines with different H genes conferring resistance to Hessian fly

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Xu ◽  
C. G. Chu ◽  
M. O. Harris ◽  
C. E. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hessian Fly ◽  
Pedigree Analysis ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
H Gene

Near-isogenic lines (NILs) are useful for plant genetic and genomic studies. However, the strength of conclusions from such studies depends on the similarity of the NILs’ genetic backgrounds. In this study, we investigated the genetic similarity for a set of NILs developed in the 1990s to study gene-for-gene interactions between wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and the Hessian fly ( Mayetiola destructor (Say)), an important pest of wheat. Each of the eight NILs carries a single H resistance gene and was created by successive backcrossing for two to six generations to susceptible T. aestivum ‘Newton’. We generated 256 target region amplification polymorphism (TRAP) markers and used them to calculate genetic similarity, expressed by the Nei and Li (NL) coefficient. Six of the NILs (H3, H5, H6, H9, H11, and H13) had the highly uniform genetic background of Newton, with NL coefficients from 0.97 to 0.99. However, genotypes with H10 or H12 were less similar to Newton, with NL coefficients of 0.86 and 0.93, respectively. Cluster analysis based on NL coefficients and pedigree analysis showed that the genetic similarity between each of the NILs and Newton was affected by both the number of backcrosses and the genetic similarity between Newton and the H gene donors. We thus generated an equation to predict the number of required backcrosses, given varying similarity of donor and recurrent parent. We also investigated whether the genetic residues of the donor parents that remained in the NILs were related to linkage drag. By using a complete set of ‘Chinese Spring’ nullisomic-tetrasomic lines, one third of the TRAP markers that showed polymorphism between the NILs and Newton were assigned to a specific chromosome. All of the assigned markers were located on chromosomes other than the chromosome carrying the H gene, suggesting that the genetic residues detected in this study were not due to linkage drag. Results will aid in the development and use of near-isogenic lines for studies of the functional genomics of wheat.

scholarly journals Virulence surveillance of wheat black stem rust fungus

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-812
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Rust Fungus ◽  
The North ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Wheat Rust

General survey for wheat rust diseases in Iraqi fields was done during the seasons of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The survey covered different fields in southern, middle and northern regions. Results of the first season indicated that most of Iraqi cultivars such as Tmmoze2, IPA 99 and Mexipak showed different types of susceptibility to both yellow and leaf rust infection. Disease severity increased when the conditions were favorable for infections with using susceptible cultivars. The severity of leaf rust was less in the north region comparing with the middle and south regions. Most of the introduced cultivars such as Sham6 and Cimmyto showed susceptible reaction to yellow and leaf rust. Yellow rust was in epiphytotic form at the Iraqi-Syrian-Turkish triangle where the disease severity was 100%. Low disease severity of stem rust was observed on some cultivars (1-5%), except for the cultivar Mexipak which showed 40%S in Najaf. Rusts at season of 2011 were restricted mostly in Baghdad and the yellow rust was dominant. The AUDPC of 15 wheat cultivars showed that Sawa and Sali were highly susceptible to the three types of rusts while Babil113 and Tamoze2 were resistant. No rusts were detected at season 2012.

Variation of characters in near-isogenic lines of wheat with added genes for leaf rust resistance

Euphytica ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
P. M. Fried ◽  
H. Winzeler
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines

scholarly journals Comparative microscopic and molecular analysis of Thatcher near-isogenic lines with wheat leaf rust resistance genesLr2a,Lr3,LrBorLr9upon challenge with differentPuccinia triticinaraces

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 698-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Wang ◽  
B. D. McCallum ◽  
T. Fetch ◽  
G. Bakkeren ◽  
G. F. Marais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Molecular Analysis ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf

scholarly journals Wheat Breeding for Disease Resistance: Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gadisa Alemu
Keyword(s):  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

Breeding for disease resistance is a central focus of plant breeding programs, as any successful variety must have the complete package of high yield, disease resistance, agronomic performance, and end - use quality. Wheat breeding is focused on high yield, pathogen resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Among diseases of wheat yellow rust, stem rust, and leaf rust are the most damaging diseases of wheat and other small grain cereals . Disease resistance in wheat breeding with one exception, the diseases of wheat that is important because of their effect on yield. Resistance to all diseases together can is important to avoid an unexpected loss in effectiveness of the resistance of a cu ltivar to a major disease. The genetic resistance to stem rust, leaf rust and yellow rust can be characterized as qualitative and quantitative resistances. Vertical resistance is specific to pathogen isolates based on single or very few genes. Race - specifi c is used to describe resistance that interacts differentially with pathogen races. Quantitative resistance is defined as resistance that varies in continuous way between the various phenotypes of the host population, from almost imperceptible to quite str ong. With the need to accelerate the development of improved varieties, genomics - assisted breeding is becoming an important tool in breeding programs. With marker - assisted selection, there has been success in breeding for disease resistance. Generally, bre eding programs have successfully implemented molecular markers to assist in the development of cultivars with stem, leaf and stripe rust resistance genes. When new rust resistance genes are to be deployed in wheat breeding programs, it unfortunately takes several years before the new sources of resistance will become available in commercial wheat cultivars. This is due to the long process involved in the establishment of pure breeding wheat lines. Biotechnology based techniques are available to accelerate t he breeding process via doubled haploid production.

The Use of Near-Isogenic Lines in Biochemical Studies of the Resistance of Wheat to Stem Rust

1972 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 392 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Near-isogenic lines in NP 4 background carrying the genes Lr13, Lr18, Lr19 and Lr26 as locally adapted differentials for Indian pathotypes of wheat leaf rust

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 426
Author(s):  
Kamini Kaushal ◽  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
A. N. Mishra ◽  
Y. M. Upadhyaya ◽  
T. L. Prakasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf

Near-isogenic lines in NP 4 background carrying the genesLr1, Lr2a, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr15, Lr17aandLr20as locally adapted differentials for Indian pathotypes of wheat leaf rust

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
Kamini Kaushal ◽  
S. C. Bhardwaj ◽  
A. N. Mishra ◽  
Y. M. Upadhyaya ◽  
S. V. Sai Prasad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf
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