Prospective study design for the Heidelberg retina tomograph: the effect of change in focus setting

1996 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Hosking ◽  
John G. Flanagan
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Heidelberg Retina Tomograph ◽  
Prospective Study Design

scholarly journals Time arrow in published clinical studies/trials indexed in MEDLINE: a systematic analysis of Retrospective vs Prospective study design, from 1960 to 2017.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele M Ciulla ◽  
Patrizia Vivona
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Time Arrow ◽  
Prospective Study Design ◽  
Single Time Point

Clinical studies/trials are experiments or observations on human subjects considered by the scientific community the most appropriate instrument to answer specific research questions on interventions on health outcomes. The time-line of the observations might be focused on a single time point or to follow time, backward or forward, in the so called, respectively, retrospective and prospective study design. Since the retrospective approach has been criticized for the possible sources of errors due to bias and confounding, we aimed this study to assess if there is a prevalence of retrospective vs prospective design in the clinical studies/trials by querying MEDLINE. Our results on a sample of 1,438,872 studies/trials, (yrs 1960-2017), support a prevalence of retrospective, respectively 55% vs 45%. To explain this result, arandom sub-sample of studies where the country of origin was reported (n=1576) was categorized in high and low-income based onthe nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and matched with the topic of the research. As expected, the absolute majority of studies/trials are carried on by high-income countries, respectively 86% vs 14%; even if a slight prevalence of retrospective was recorded in both income groups, nonetheless the most part of prospective studies are carried out by high-GDP countries, 85% vs 15%. Finally the differences in the design of the study are understandable when considering the topic of the research.

Anesthesia Safety, Outcomes, and Prospective Study Design

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 790-791. ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet M. Price ◽  
Randall L. Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Anesthesia Safety ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Study Design

A French Pediatric Cancer Survivor Prospective Study: Design and Characteristics

Epidemiology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (Suppl) ◽  
pp. S308-S309
Author(s):  
C Guibout ◽  
O Oberlin ◽  
J Michon ◽  
T D N′Guyen ◽  
R Béhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Cancer Survivor ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Pediatric Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study Design

scholarly journals Time arrow in published clinical studies/trials indexed in MEDLINE: a systematic analysis of retrospective vs. prospective study design, from 1960 to 2017

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6363
Author(s):  
Michele M. Ciulla ◽  
Patrizia Vivona
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Time Line ◽  
Time Arrow ◽  
Prospective Study Design ◽  
Single Time Point

Clinical studies/trials are experiments or observations on human subjects considered by the scientific community the most appropriate instrument to answer specific research questions on interventions on health outcomes. The time-line of the observations might be focused on a single time point or to follow time, backward or forward, in the so called, respectively, retrospective and prospective study design. Since the retrospective approach has been criticized for the possible sources of errors due to bias and confounding, we aimed this study to assess if there is a prevalence of retrospective vs. prospective design in the clinical studies/trials by querying MEDLINE. Our results on a sample of 1,438,872 studies/trials, (yrs 1960–2017), support a prevalence of retrospective, respectively 55% vs. 45%. To explain this result, a random sub-sample of studies where the country of origin was reported (n = 1,576) was categorized in high and low-income based onthe nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and matched with the topic of the research. As expected, the absolute majority of studies/trials are carried on by high-income countries, respectively 86% vs. 14%; even if a slight prevalence of retrospective was recorded in both income groups, for the most part prospective studies are carried out by high-GDP countries, 85% vs. 15%. Finally, the differences in the design of the study are understandable when considering the topic of the research.

A Molecular Epidemiology Project on Diet and Cancer: The Epic-Italy Prospective Study. Design and Baseline Characteristics of Participants

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Palli ◽  
Franco Berrino ◽  
Paolo Vineis ◽  
Rosario Tumino ◽  
Salvatore Panico ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Life Style ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Baseline Characteristics ◽  
Diet And Cancer ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
Prospective Study Design

EPIC-Italy is the Italian section of a larger project known as EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition), a prospective study on diet and cancer carried out in 10 European countries. In the period 1993-1998, EPIC-Italy completed the recruitment of 47,749 volunteers (15,171 men, 32,578 women, aged 35-65 years) in 4 different areas covered by cancer registries: Varese (12,083 volunteers) and Turin (10,604) in the Northern part of the country; Florence (13,597) and Ragusa (6,403) in Central and Southern Italy, respectively. An associate center in Naples enrolled 5,062 women. Detailed information for each individual volunteer about diet and life-style habits, anthropometric measurements and a blood sample was collected, after signing an informed consent form. A food frequency questionnaire specifically developed for the Italian dietary pattern was tested in a pilot phase. A computerized data base with the dietary and lifestyle information of each participant was completed. Blood samples were processed in the same day of collection, aliquoted (RBC, WBC, serum and plasma) and stored in liquid nitrogen containers. Follow-up procedures were validated and implemented for the identification of newly diagnosed cancer cases. Cancer incidence was related to dietary habits and biochemical markers of food consumption and individual susceptibility in order to test the role of diet-related exposure in the etiology of cancer and its interaction with other environmental or genetic determinants. The comparability of information in a prospective study design is much higher than in other studies. The availability of such a large biological bank linked to individual data on dietary and life-style exposures also provides the unique opportunity of evaluating the role of selected genotypes involved in the metabolism of chemical compounds and DNA repair, potentially related to the risk of cancer, in residents of geographic areas of Italy characterized by specific cancer risk and different dietary patterns. Baseline characteristics of participants are briefly described.

Anesthesia Safety, Outcomes, and Prospective Study Design

1998 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 791-792.
Author(s):  
Yves Auroy ◽  
Patrick Narchi ◽  
Antoine Messiah ◽  
Kamran Samii ◽  
Lawrence Litt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Anesthesia Safety ◽  
Safety Outcomes ◽  
Prospective Study Design
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