Use of 2n pollen-producing triploid hybrids to introduce tetraploid Mexican wild species germ plasm to cultivated tetraploid potato gene pool

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 645-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Adiwilaga ◽  
C. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
2N Pollen ◽  
Tetraploid Potato

Introgression of Solarium acaule germ plasm from the endosperm balance number 2 gene pool into the cultivated endosperm balance number 4 potato gene pool via triplandroids

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Brown ◽  
K. Adiwilaga
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
2N Pollen ◽  
Stainable Pollen ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Pollen Formation ◽  
Cytological Mechanism

Triploid plants from interspecific crosses between selected clones of Solanum acaule and a 2n pollen producing, cultivated diploid expressed an average of 7.7% to 2n pollen, called triplandroids. Percent stainable pollen of these triploids ranged from 1.8 to 22.1%. The cytological mechanism of 2n pollen formation was parallel orientation of spindles in the second division of meiosis. Three triplandroid-producing triploids were crossed to several tetraploid potato cultivars and breeding clones. Of these 4x−3x pollinations, 49% produced berries, containing an average of 15.2 seeds. Progeny from 4x−3x crosses were 67% pentaploid, 2n = 60, and 33% aneuploids 2n = 56–59, mostly 2n = 59. Thus, functional microspores from triploids were predominantly triplandroids, 2n = 3x = 36, with low frequencies of aneuploidy. This use of a triplandroid bridge is a rapid means of introducing S. acaule germ plasm to the cultivated tetraploid gene pool.Key words: interspecific hybrids, parallel spindles, pollen restitution, triploidy, 2n pollen.

The distribution of nine Avena species in Spain and Morocco

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Leggett ◽  
G. Ladizinsky ◽  
P. Hagberg ◽  
M. Obanni
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Biological Species ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Cultivar Improvement

Wild taxa of crop plants have been valuable sources of genes for cultivar improvement in several species. Genes for yield, resistance to pests and diseases, protein quality and quantity, maturity and other characteristics have been transferred from wild species of Avena to the cultivated oat crop (A. sativa L.). In an attempt to preserve some of the genetic variability in the wild species and taxa of Avena, two collecting missions were organised in 1985 and 1988. During the 1985 expedition 49 accessions were collected on mainland Spain and the Canary Islands, and 74 accessions were collected in Morocco. In 1988, a further 64 accessions were collected in Morocco. These accessions included representatives from 10 of the 14 known biological species of Avena and 16 of the 30 generally accepted taxonomic entities. These collections have increased the size of the available gene pool and extended the known geographical distribution of some of the species. Key words: Avena, distribution, germ plasm, genetic resources.

Wading Into the Gene Pool: Progress and Constraints Using Wild Species

Crop Science ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1039-1041 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie L. Greene ◽  
Marilyn L. Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool

Male fertility and 2n pollen production in haploid-wild species hybrids

1985 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 479-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley A. Hermundstad ◽  
S. J. Peloquin
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
2N Pollen ◽  
Species Hybrids

Distribution of downy mildew (Bremia lactucaeRegel) resistances in a genebank collection of lettuce and its wild relatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. van Treuren ◽  
A. J. M. van der Arend ◽  
J. W. Schut
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Related Wild Species ◽  
Overall Resistance ◽  
Tertiary Gene Pool ◽  
Genebank Collection

Genebanks serve as a rich source of diversity that can be exploited for crop improvement. However, large numbers of accessions usually have to be evaluated to find material with the characters of interest, and therefore, enhanced trait information can facilitate the more efficient selection of accessions by users. In this study, we report on the distribution of resistances to 28 races of downy mildew among 1223 genebank accessions of cultivated lettuce (Lactuca sativaL.) and 14 related wild species. Due to modern plant breeding, the overall level of resistance of cultivars released after 1950 appears to have increased two- to three-fold compared with varieties from earlier periods. Although fully resistant reactions could be observed among the accessions of cultivated lettuce for each of the 28 investigated races, the resistance probability was more than two-fold higher on average for accessions from the wild gene pool. In general, species of the primary gene pool appeared less resistant than those of the secondary or tertiary gene pool. Probabilities for examinedLactucaspecies ranged from 0.29 forL. serriolato 1.00 forL. perenniscompared with 0.19 for cultivated lettuce, with lower overall resistance probabilities observed only forL. altaica,L. dregeanaandL. tenerrima. ForL. serriola, the closest relative of cultivated lettuce and the wild species with the highest number of examined accessions, resistance probabilities to each of the investigated downy mildew races were relatively high for populations originating from Eastern Europe and Northern Asia.

Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Arachis spp. and the Implications on Development of Resistant Peanut Cultivars1

1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Corley Holbrook ◽  
James P. Noe
Keyword(s):  
Fourth Order ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood race 1) is a serious pathogen in commercial peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) production. There is no peanut cultivar with resistance to this nematode. The primary constraint in the development of resistant cultivars has been the absence of identified sources of resistance in A. hypogaea and related wild species. The objective of this study was to examine the wild Arachis spp. collection of the Coastal Plain Experiment Station for sources of resistance to M. arenaria. Thirty-six wild Arachis spp. genotypes were compared with the susceptible cv. Florunner for resistance to M. arenaria reproduction and galling response in two greenhouse tests. A. monticola Krap. et Rig., a member of the second-order gene pool, was the only wild species tested which did not have a gall index and egg-mass index significantly lower than that of A. hypogaea. There was no significant difference between A. monticola and A. hypogaea for the number of eggs per root system or per gram of fresh root weight. In addition, the host efficiency of A. monticola was 3.49, indicating a high level of susceptibility. All genotypes examined from the third-order gene pool species (A. cardenasii Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., A. duranensis Krap. et Greg. nom. nud., A. helodes Martius ex Krap. et Rig. and A. villosa Benth.) exhibited significantly less plant damage and nematode reproduction than A. hypogaea. Except for one A. villosa genotype, all entries from the third-order gene pool exhibited high levels of resistance to M. arenaria based on a host efficiency less than 1.00. All fourth-order gene pool accessions examined (A. burkartii Handro, A. glabrata Benth., and A. hagenbeckii Harms.) exhibited high levels of resistance to M. arenaria. These results indicate that resistance to M. arenaria is prevalent in both the third- and fourth-order gene pools of peanut. These results increase the probability of success in developing peanut cultivars with resistance to M. arenaria since species in the third-order gene pool are cross compatible with A. hypogaea. Based on genetic theory, these results also increase the probability of resistance to M. arenaria in the first-order gene pool. Therefore, further screening for resistance to M. arenaria in A. hypogaea is recommended.

scholarly journals Homoeologous recombination is recurrent in the nascent synthetic allotetraploid Arachis ipaënsis × Arachis correntina4x and its derivatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ye Chu ◽  
David Bertioli ◽  
Chandler M Levinson ◽  
H Thomas Stalker ◽  
C Corley Holbrook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genome Instability ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Recombination ◽  
F2 Population ◽  
Genomic Regions ◽  
Unpredictable Variation

Abstract Genome instability in newly synthesized allotetraploids of peanut has breeding implications that have not been fully appreciated. Synthesis of wild species-derived neo-tetraploids offers the opportunity to broaden the gene pool of peanut; however, the dynamics among the newly merged genomes creates predictable and unpredictable variation. Selfed progenies from the neo-tetraploid Arachis ipaënsis × Arachis correntina (A. ipaënsis × A. correntina)4x and F1 hybrids and F2 progenies from crosses between A. hypogaea × [A. ipaënsis × A. correntina]4x were genotyped by the Axiom Arachis 48 K SNP array. Homoeologous recombination between the A. ipaënsis and A. correntina derived subgenomes was observed in the S0 generation. Among the S1 progenies, these recombined segments segregated and new events of homoeologous recombination emerged. The genomic regions undergoing homoeologous recombination segregated mostly disomically in the F2 progenies from A. hypogaea × [A. ipaënsis × A. correntina]4x crosses. New homoeologous recombination events also occurred in the F2 population, mostly found on chromosomes 03, 04, 05, and 06. From the breeding perspective, these phenomena offer both possibilities and perils; recombination between genomes increases genetic diversity, but genome instability could lead to instability of traits or even loss of viability within lineages.

scholarly journals Potential, Challenges and Strategies Involved in Gene Introgression from Wild Relatives of Vegetable Crops: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aanchal Chauhan ◽  
Deepa Sharma ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar Banyal ◽  
Madhvi . ◽  
Divya .
Keyword(s):  
Late Blight ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Hybrid Sterility ◽  
Leaf Roll ◽  
Crop Plants ◽  
Wide Hybridization ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Distant Hybridization

Wide hybridization is an important plant breeding method as it helps in broadening the gene pool of a crop when the desired variation is not sufficient or absent within the same gene pool. Wild genetic resources are the potential source of desirable genes for various characters of crop plants. It plays a significant role in transferring traits of interest like disease and insect resistance, improved quality, earliness, dwarfness, increased yield, abiotic stress tolerance and manipulation in mode of reproduction etc. in crop plants. It has been instrumental in transferring disease resistance from wild species into many vegetable crops. For example, resistance to late blight, leaf roll and potato virus X, yellow vein mosaic virus and powdery mildew in okra, bacterial wilt, tomato leaf curl virus, early and late blight in tomato has been transferred from wild species into cultivated species. Wild species has been used to improve the quality traits of some crops like carotenoid content in carrot and tomato, starch content in potato etc. Sometimes distant hybridization leads to creation of entirely new crop species. Chromosome elimination technique followed by wide hybridization has been successfully used in the production of double haploids in some crops. However there are some lacunae in wide hybridization such as cross incompatibility, hybrid inviability, hybrid sterility and hybrid breakdown. Some special techniques viz. ploidy manipulation, pistil manipulation, growth regulators treatments, bridge crossing, grafting and embryo rescue have to be adopted to make distant hybridization successful in such cases.

Transfer of germ plasm from the secondary to the primary gene pool in pennisetum

1990 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. W. Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Gene Pool ◽  
Germ Plasm ◽  
Primary Gene Pool ◽  
Primary Gene

Occurrence of 2n pollen and ps gene frequencies in cultivated groups and their related wild species in tuber-bearing Solanums

1989 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Watanabe ◽  
S. J. Peloquin
Keyword(s):  
Wild Species ◽  
2N Pollen ◽  
Gene Frequencies ◽  
Related Wild Species
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