Development of somatic embryos from cell suspension cultures of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.)

1988 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Boulay ◽  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
P. Krogstrup ◽  
D. J. Durzan
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures

scholarly journals Induction of Somatic Embryos and Plantlet Development in Cell Suspension Cultures of Arachis hypogaea L.

1998 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-236
Author(s):  
Perumal Venkatachalam ◽  
Natesan Geetha ◽  
Narayanasamipillai Jayabalan
Keyword(s):  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Activities and Regulation of Enzymes of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Spruce ( Picea abies)

1991 ◽  
Vol 46 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 597-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinrad Boll
Keyword(s):  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Kinase ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Glycolytic Enzymes ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Fructose 1,6 Bisphosphate

Abstract Activities of the glycolytic enzymes were determined in seedlings, callus cultures and cell sus­ pension cultures of spruce (Picea abies) (L.) (Karst). The rate-limiting enzymes of the pathway were the hexokinases, ATP: phosphofructo-kinase, fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyruvate kinase. Two phosphofructokinases were found: ATP : fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFK) and pyrophosphate :fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase (PFP). In the presence of its activator fructose-2,6-bisphos-phate, PFP had a 4 -5-fold higher specific activity than PFK. PFP could be activated about 20-fold by fructose-2,6-bisphosphate at saturating concentrations of the substrates (fructose-6-phosphate and pyrophosphate). The increase of Vmax was accompanied by a strong increase in the apparent affinity of the enzyme for the substrates. Km for fructose-6-phosphate and pyrophosphate was 0.44 mM and 24 μM, respectively. Ka for fructose-2,6-bisphosphate was 24 nM. In seedlings, specific activity of the glycolytic enzymes was 30-300 percent higher in the hypocotyls, except for fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and phosphoglycerate kinase, their activity being 100-150percent higher in the cotyledons, This distribution remained unchanged during periods of 2 -16 weeks of cultivation of the seedlings. In callus cultures and in cell suspension cultures, grown mixotrophically with different car­ bohydrates, all enzymes were between 1-and 7-fold higher than in autotrophically grown seed­ lings. Incubation of seedlings in mineral salt mixture containing a carbohydrate resulted in a rapid coordinate increase of the activities to the levels of callus-or cell suspension cultures. This induction required a carbohydrate and oxygen. During prolonged cultivation of cell suspension cultures, when carbohydrate became limiting, activity of the enzymes slowly declined.

ABA enhances plant regeneration of somatic embryos derived from cell suspension cultures of plantain cv. Spambia (Musa sp.)

2009 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasser J. Y. Sholi ◽  
Anjana Chaurasia ◽  
Anuradha Agrawal ◽  
Neera Bhalla Sarin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Musa Sp

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase from Spruce ( Picea abies). Properties and Regulation

1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 973-979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meinrad Boll ◽  
Angelika Kardinal
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Callus Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Phase Cell ◽  
Ph Optimum

Abstract HM GCoA reductase was identified in seedlings, callus cultures, cell suspension cultures and in needles of spruce ( Picea abies) (L.) (Karst). Activity was found in both the 18 K pellet and in the 105 K pellet with different ratios between the two fractions from the various sources. The enzyme has a pH-optimum of 7.9 and an absolute requirement for NADPH . The presence of a thiol reagent such as dithiothreitol is required for activity. Km for HM G CoA is 20 -25 μM. Detergents have differential effects on the activity. In seedlings, enzyme activity was considerably higher in the hypocotyls than in the cotyledons. Enzyme activity was high in dark-grown and low in light-grown seedlings. When the light conditions were reversed, levels of activity adapted to the respective new conditions (increase or decline of specific activity). Aerobic incubations of seedlings, callus cultures or needles in medium containing a carbon source, resulted in a large (up to 20-fold) transient increase of HMGCoA reductase activity. Transfer of stationary phase cell suspension cultures into new medium caused a similarly large increase of activity. A number of carbohydrates induced the enzyme, glucose, fructose and sucrose being most effective. The increase of activity was prevented by cycloheximide. All changes of activity were much more pronounced in the 18 K pellet HMG CoA reductase

scholarly journals Efficient plant regeneration from embryogenic cell suspension cultures of Euonymus alatus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-A Woo ◽  
Seong Sub Ku ◽  
Eun Yee Jie ◽  
HyeRan Kim ◽  
Hyun-Soon Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Cell ◽  
Embryogenic Callus Formation

AbstractTo establish an efficient plant regeneration system from cell suspension cultures of Euonymus alatus, embryogenic callus formation from immature embryos was investigated. The highest frequency of embryogenic callus formation reached 50% when the immature zygotic embryos were incubated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D). At higher concentrations of 2,4-D (over 2 mg/L), the frequency of embryogenic callus formation declined significantly. The total number of somatic embryos development was highest with the 3% (w/v) sucrose treatment, which was found to be the optimal concentration for somatic embryo formation. Activated charcoal (AC) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) significantly increased the frequency of plantlet conversion from somatic embryos, but gibberellic acid (GA3) had a negative effect on plantlet conversion and subsequent development from somatic embryos. Even though the cell suspension cultures were maintained for more than 1 year, cell aggregates from embryogenic cell suspension cultures were successfully converted into normal somatic embryos with two cotyledons. To our knowledge, this is the first successful report of a plant regeneration system of E. alatus via somatic embryogenesis. Thus, the embryogenic cell line and plant regeneration system established in this study can be applied to mass proliferation and production of pharmaceutical metabolite in E. alatus.

scholarly journals Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures of Gentiana kurroo Royle.

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2239
Author(s):  
Shiwani Kaushal ◽  
Arushdeep Sidana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Cell Suspension Cultures ◽  
Suspension Cultures ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Gentiana Kurroo

Gentiana kurroo Royle, native to North- Western Himalayas, is one of the critically endangered perennial herbs, which is being overexploited due to its multiple medicinal uses. The goal of this work was to develop a protocol for somatic embryogenesis and efficient plant regeneration through cell suspension culture. Selected ranges of plant growth regulators were experimented for somatic embryogenesis. Light micrographs of the established suspension cell cultures of somatic embryos at different developmental stages were also observed under light microscope. Somatic embryogenesis was induced from the leaf explants and the maximum induction frequency (97.2%) was obtained on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l each of NAA, BAP and TDZ. Cell suspension cultures were established in MS liquid medium containing IAA (0.5 mg/l) + BAP (1.0 mg/l) with 89-93% viable cells. Transfer of cotyledonary somatic embryos to the MS agar medium containing 2, 4-D (0.4 mg/l) and KN (1.5 mg/l) resulted in somatic embryogenesis at high frequencies (80%) with an average of 28 ± 0.2 embryos/ callus piece. After transfer onto the half strength MS medium without growth regulators approximately 80-90% somatic embryos developed into complete plantlets. The protocol described here could be used for somatic hybridization, genetic transformation, isolation of protoplasts and large-scale propagation of G. kurroo.

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