Scanning electron microscopy of the development of the mesoderm layer in chick embryos

1977 ◽  
Vol 150 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjorie A. England ◽  
Jennifer Wakely
Author(s):  
M.J.C. Hendrix ◽  
D.E. Morse

Atrial septal defects are considered the most common congenital cardiac anomaly occurring in humans. In studying the normal sequential development of the atrial septum, chick embryos of the White Leghorn strain were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and the results were then extrapolated to the human heart. One-hundred-eighty chick embryos from 2 to 21 days of age were removed from their shells and immersed in cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative . Twenty-four embryos through the first week post-hatching were perfused in vivo using cold cacodylate-buffered aldehyde fixative with procaine hydrochloride. The hearts were immediately dissected free and remained in the fixative a minimum of 2 hours. In most cases, the lateral atrial walls were removed during this period. The tissues were then dehydrated using a series of ascending grades of ethanol; final dehydration of the tissues was achieved via the critical point drying method followed by sputter-coating with goldpalladium.


1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg Männer ◽  
Wolfgang seidl ◽  
Gerd Steding

AbstractChick embryos are frequently used as animal models when researching the developing heart. In the past, every attempt to induce complete transposition (the combination of concordant arrioventricular and discordant ventriculo-arterial connections) failed in chicks, suggesting that it might be impossible to develop a chicken modle for this malformation. We demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first well-documented case of complete transpositon occourrine in the chick


1973 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Breipohl ◽  
N. Bornfeld ◽  
G. J. Bijvank ◽  
H. Laugwitz ◽  
M. Pfautsch

1978 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsin-Yi Lee ◽  
Robert G. Nagele ◽  
Mark M. Goldstein

Author(s):  
P.S. Porter ◽  
T. Aoyagi ◽  
R. Matta

Using standard techniques of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), over 1000 human hair defects have been studied. In several of the defects, the pathogenesis of the abnormality has been clarified using these techniques. It is the purpose of this paper to present several distinct morphologic abnormalities of hair and to discuss their pathogenesis as elucidated through techniques of scanning electron microscopy.


Author(s):  
P.J. Dailey

The structure of insect salivary glands has been extensively investigated during the past decade; however, none have attempted scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in ultrastructural examinations of these secretory organs. This study correlates fine structure by means of SEM cryofractography with that of thin-sectioned epoxy embedded material observed by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Salivary glands of Gromphadorhina portentosa were excised and immediately submerged in cold (4°C) paraformaldehyde-glutaraldehyde fixative1 for 2 hr, washed and post-fixed in 1 per cent 0s04 in phosphosphate buffer (4°C for 2 hr). After ethanolic dehydration half of the samples were embedded in Epon 812 for TEM and half cryofractured and subsequently critical point dried for SEM. Dried specimens were mounted on aluminum stubs and coated with approximately 150 Å of gold in a cold sputtering apparatus.Figure 1 shows a cryofractured plane through a salivary acinus revealing topographical relief of secretory vesicles.


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