Mutagenicity test systems for the detection of chromosome aberrations in vivo

1980 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Matter ◽  
T. Tsuchimoto
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Mutagenicity Test ◽  
Test Systems

Metaphase-Based Cytogenetic Approach Identifies Radiation-Induced Chromosome and Chromatid Aberrations in Zebrafish Embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halida Thanveer Asana Marican ◽  
Hongyuan Shen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Progenitor Cells ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Zebrafish Embryos ◽  
Radiation Induced

Metaphase-based cytogenetic methods based on scoring of chromosome aberrations for the estimation of the radiation dose received provide a powerful approach for evaluating the associated risk upon radiation exposure and form the bulk of our current knowledge of radiation-induced chromosome damages. They mainly rely on inducing quiescent peripheral lymphocytes into proliferation and blocking them at metaphases to quantify the damages at the chromosome level. However, human organs and tissues demonstrate various sensitivity towards radiation and within them, self-proliferating progenitor/stem cells are believed to be the most sensitive populations. The radiation-induced chromosome aberrations in these cells remain largely unknown, especially in the context of an intact living organism. Zebrafish is an ideal animal model for research into this aspect due to their small size and the large quantities of progenitor cells present during the embryonic stages. In this study, we employ a novel metaphase-based cytogenetic approach on zebrafish embryos and demonstrate that chromosome-type and chromatid-type aberrations could be identified in progenitor cells at different cell-cycle stages at the point of radiation exposure. Our work positions zebrafish at the forefront as a useful animal model for studying radiation-induced chromosome structural changes in vivo.

scholarly journals Topoisomerase I involvement in illegitimate recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 1805-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Zhu ◽  
R H Schiestl
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Wild Type Strain ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Illegitimate Recombination ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae

Chromosome aberrations may cause cancer and many heritable diseases. Topoisomerase I has been suspected of causing chromosome aberrations by mediating illegitimate recombination. The effects of deletion and of overexpression of the topoisomerase I gene on illegitimate recombination in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been studied. Yeast transformations were carried out with DNA fragments that did not have any homology to the genomic DNA. The frequency of illegitimate integration was 6- to 12-fold increased in a strain overexpressing topoisomerase I compared with that in isogenic control strains. Hot spot sequences [(G/C)(A/T)T] for illegitimate integration target sites accounted for the majority of the additional events after overexpression of topoisomerase I. These hot spot sequences correspond to sequences previously identified in vitro as topoisomerase I preferred cleavage sequences in other organisms. Furthermore, such hot spot sequences were found in 44% of the integration events present in the TOP1 wild-type strain and at a significantly lower frequency in the top1delta strain. Our results provide in vivo evidence that a general eukaryotic topoisomerase I enzyme nicks DNA and ligates nonhomologous ends, leading to illegitimate recombination.

Chromosome aberrations produced in vivo by chemicals

1977 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matild Dobos ◽  
G. Fekete ◽  
D. Schuler ◽  
Éva Szakmáry
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Aberrations

scholarly journals Numerical chromosome aberrations are present within the CD30+ Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in 100% of analyzed cases of Hodgkin's disease [see comments]

Blood ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1464-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Weber-Matthiesen ◽  
J Deerberg ◽  
M Poetsch ◽  
W Grote ◽  
B Schlegelberger
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Hodgkin's Disease ◽  
Hodgkin’S Disease ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Karyotype Instability ◽  
Numerical Aberrations ◽  
Numerical Chromosome

In Hodgkin's disease, cytogenetically aberrant clones have been demonstrated in a minority of cases studied. In the remaining cases, only normal metaphases have been found, but it is questionable whether normal karyotypes actually correspond to the pathognomonic Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells. Numerical aberrations could be studied by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). However, in Hodgkin's disease, the percentage of tumor cells is mostly below the detection limit of FISH, which is near 1%. With the technique of simultaneous fluorescence immunophenotyping and interphase cytogenetic analysis (FICTION), this problem can be overcome. By FICTION, hybridization signals can selectively be evaluated within the CD30a+ cell population. We have studied 30 cytogenetically analyzed cases of Hodgkin's disease by means of FICTION. In all cases, we found numerical chromosome aberrations within the majority of CD30+ HRS cells. In cases with complex and hyperdiploid karyotypes, the cytogenetic results agreed with the FICTION data. There was considerable variability in the chromosome numbers, demonstrating that karyotype instability is an in vivo phenomenon of HRS cells. Lymphocytes never displayed numerical chromosome changes. Our results indicate that HRS cells regularly exhibit numerical chromosome aberrations and that the chromosome numbers are always in the hyperploid range.

scholarly journals Factors that Determine the in vivo Dose-Response Relationship for Stable Chromosome Aberrations in A-Bomb Survivors

1992 ◽  
Vol 33 (SUPPLEMENT) ◽  
pp. 206-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKIO A. AWA ◽  
MIMAKO NAKANO ◽  
KAZUO OHTAKI ◽  
YOSHIAKI KODAMA ◽  
JOE LUCAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Chromosome Aberrations ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Dose Response Relationship

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Anti-angiogenic Activity of Saponins from Maesa lanceolata by Different Assays

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1200700
Author(s):  
Kenn Foubert ◽  
Annelies Breynaert ◽  
Mart Theunis ◽  
Rita Van Den Bossche ◽  
Guido R.Y. De Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Chorioallantoic Membrane ◽  
Rat Aorta ◽  
Cam Assay ◽  
Plant Metabolites ◽  
Angiogenic Activity ◽  
Test Systems ◽  
Aorta Ring

Angiogenesis, in which a vascular network is established from pre-existing vessels, is a complex multistep process. Mechanisms underlying angiogenesis can be investigated using a variety of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo approaches. Evaluation of several promising plants and plant metabolites, including terpenoids, revealed promising anti-angiogenic activity. Since the maesasaponins displayed anti-angiogenic activity in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay, their activity was further investigated in several test systems. The rat aorta ring assay was compared with the placental vein assay and then selected for the ex vivo investigation of the saponins. Besides their effect on the viability of HUVEC, the anti-angiogenic capacity of the compounds was also investigated in an in vivo zebrafish assay. The activity of the saponins in the viability assay was more pronounced than in the rat aorta ring assay and similar to the effect observed in the CAM assay. The use of different test systems, however, implies different results in the case of saponins.

Characterization of Heparin Preparations in Vivo by Different Test Systems

1983 ◽  
pp. 149-160
Author(s):  
Job Harenberg ◽  
Fernando Fussi ◽  
Werner Junker ◽  
Kurt Mattes ◽  
Ellen Weber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Systems
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