Characterisation of smooth muscle ?-Adrenoceptors and of responses to electrical stimulation in the cat isolated perfused middle cerebral artery

1983 ◽  
Vol 323 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. Medgett ◽  
S. Z. Langer
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery

scholarly journals Investigation of Postmortem Functional Changes in Human Cerebral Arteries

1993 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 346-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Onoue ◽  
Nobuyoshi Kaito ◽  
Shogo Tokudome ◽  
Toshiaki Abe ◽  
Koichi Tashibu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Substance P ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Vascular Endothelium ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Human Cadavers

This study demonstrated the time-dependent changes in postmortem responses of isolated human middle cerebral artery strips to vasodilators. The relaxation induced by prostaglandin (PG) I2 or nitroglycerin remained stable for 24 h postmortem. In arterial strips precontracted with PGF2α, substance P and bradykinin both elicited relaxation that was almost completely abolished by removal of the endothelium. The endothelium-dependent response to both peptides was significantly degraded in strips obtained >12 h postmortem. These results indicate a selective functional or anatomical vulnerability of the vascular endothelium compared with that of the vasodilator mechanisms of the smooth muscle in the postmortem period. However, cerebral arteries isolated from human cadavers within 12 h postmortem should be adequate for studies of both smooth muscle and endothelial reactivity to vasodilators.

scholarly journals Interstitial cells from rat middle cerebral artery belong to smooth muscle cell type

2009 ◽  
Vol 13 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 4532-4539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maksym I. Harhun ◽  
Kinga Szewczyk ◽  
Holger Laux ◽  
Sally A. Prestwich ◽  
Dmitri V. Gordienko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Cell ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Muscle Cell ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Muscle Cell Type

scholarly journals Acute Ultrastructural Changes in the Middle Cerebral Artery Due to the Injury and Ischemia of Surgical Clamping

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald F. Dodson ◽  
Yukio Tagashira ◽  
Lena W-F. Chu
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Cerebrovascular Disorders ◽  
Cerebral Vessels ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Surgical Clip ◽  
Nerve Bundles ◽  
Neurosurgical Treatment

SUMMARY:Ultrastructural changes in the zone of clamping of the middle cerebral artery of the squirrel monkey are described after application of a surgical clip. The experimental model utilized has been widely applied to the study of cerebral ischemia and possibly has relevance to clamps applied to the cerebral vessels during neurosurgical treatment of patients with cerebrovascular disorders.The earliest changes within the arterial wall were found in the smooth muscle (media) and accompanying fasciculi of nerves. Changes within the nerve bundles were sufficiently advanced following 4 hours of vascular clipping to suggest temporary or permanent impairment of neurogenic innervation of the cerebral vessels distal to the trunk of the vessel clipped.

Vasoconstrictor 5-HT receptors in the smooth muscle of the rat middle cerebral artery

2012 ◽  
Vol 689 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 160-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anikó Kovács ◽  
László G. Hársing ◽  
Gábor Szénási
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulation of Cerebellar Fastigial Nucleus Reduces Ischemic Infarction Elicited by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion in Rat

1991 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 810-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Reis ◽  
Scott B. Berger ◽  
Mark D. Underwood ◽  
Mazen Khayata
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Fastigial Nucleus ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cholinergic Mechanism ◽  
Ischemic Infarction ◽  
Stimulation Of

Electrical stimulation of the cerebellar fastigial nucleus (FN) globally and profoundly increases cerebral blood flow via a cholinergic mechanism. In cerebral cortex, the vasodilation is unassociated with alterations in cerebral glucose utilization, a condition favoring protection against cerebral ischemia. We sought to determine whether FN stimulation would modify the size of the focal ischemic infarction resulting from occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). The MCA was occluded in anesthetized rats of the spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) or Sprague-Dawley (SD) strains with or without 1 h of electrical stimulation of the FN. Twenty-four hours later, rats were killed and the volume of the infarction established in thionin-stained sections. In SHRs, FN stimulation reduced by 40% the well-established cortical and partially subcortical infarctions elicited by occlusion of the MCA (from 186 ± 35.2 to 113 ± 47.1 mm3, mean ± SD, n = 15; p < 0.001). The zone of retrieval was anatomically constant, consisting of a rim of cortex dorsal and ventral to the infarction and medially within the thalamus and striatum corresponding to the penumbral zone described by others. The effect was comparable in rats of the SD strain having smaller infarctions. The effect of FN stimulation appears to be selective for the FN system in that it is not evoked by stimulation of the dentate nucleus and is blocked by systemic administration of atropine (1.0 mg/kg). We conclude that excitation of an intrinsic system in brain represented in the rostral FN has the capacity to reduce substantially an ischemic infarction. Whether the result is a consequence of an action of the FN upon cerebral blood flow and/or results from protective actions of released transmitter is yet unknown.

scholarly journals 2,2,2-Trichloroethanol Activates a Nonclassical Potassium Channel in Cerebrovascular Smooth Muscle and Dilates the Middle Cerebral Artery

2009 ◽  
Vol 332 (3) ◽  
pp. 803-810 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil K. Parelkar ◽  
Neerupma Silswal ◽  
Kirsten Jansen ◽  
Joshua Vaughn ◽  
Robert M. Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Potassium Channel ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery

Adrenergic vasoconstriction of the goat middle cerebral artery

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. H131-H135
Author(s):  
M. V. Conde ◽  
J. Marin ◽  
M. Salaices ◽  
E. J. Marco ◽  
B. Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Middle Cerebral Artery ◽  
Cerebral Artery ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Cerebral Arteries ◽  
Sympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Alpha Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cervical Sympathetic

The effects of field electrical stimulation on the contractile response of the isolated middle cerebral artery of the goat were evaluated before and after the use of experimental procedures designed to test the adrenergic component involved. Supramaximal stimuli produced frequency-dependent increases in tension. This response was significantly reduced by phentolamine (10(-6) M), tetrodotoxin (3 X 10(-6) M), and bretylium (5 X 10(-5) M), but not by cocaine (10(-6) M). Arterial segments from goats pretreated with reserpine and from goats in which both superior cervical sympathetic ganglia had been removed 12 days prior to the experiment also showed a significant decrease in the contraction elicited by electrical stimulation. The norepinephrine concentration of the arteries of the circle of Willis from control goats was 2.10 microgram per gram of tissue. Reserpine or gangliectomy reduced the catecholamine content to undetectable levels. It is likely that a major part of the contractile response of cerebral arteries to electrical stimulation is due to release of endogenous norepinephrine which in turn activates the alpha-adrenergic receptors.

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