Structural changes in flowers ofIpomoea tricolor during flower opening and closing

The results of the application of automation in obtaining chalcogenide layers with new properties are given. Such parameters of the thermal vapour deposition process as evaporator temperature or power were automatically controlled. The moments of the opening and closing of the valve were established experimentally in order to ensure a uniform deposition rate of the layers. The criterion for evaluating the uniform speed was the data of optical control of the thickness of the applied layers. As an example, diagrams of the behavior of the evaporator temperature are given, which are set using a control program and implemented in real time. As a result, layers with reproducible parameters and doubled dynamic range of photo-structural changes in the refractive index were obtained. Automated technology is applied for deposition with uniform speed of film axicons on rotating substrates through a mask of a special shape, providing a linear radial change in layer thickness.

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Variation of flower opening and closing times in hybrids of evening flowering species Iris dichotoma and daytime flowering species Iris domestica

Plant Breeding ◽

10.1111/pbr.12654 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (6) ◽

pp. 920-927 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rong Liu ◽

Yike Gao ◽

Lili Ruan ◽

Zhuping Fan ◽

Congcong Li

Keyword(s):

Flower Opening ◽

Opening And Closing

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Environmental Factors Controlling Flower Opening and Closing in aPortulacaHybrid

Annals of Botany ◽

10.1006/anbo.1998.0642 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

pp. 67-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

K ICHIMURA

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Opening And Closing

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The light intensity mediates the pollination efficacy of a Caatinga morning glory Ipomoea bahiensis (Convolvulaceae)

Sociobiology ◽

10.13102/sociobiology.v68i4.5906 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 68 (4) ◽

pp. e5906

Author(s):

Miriam Gimenes ◽

Laene Silva Araujo ◽

Anderson Matos Medina

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Temporal Patterns ◽

Fruit Production ◽

Morning Glory ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Flower Visitors ◽

Floral Visitors ◽

The Times ◽

Opening And Closing

Pollination is an ecological process that relies on the matching traits of flower visitors and flowers. Morphology, behavior, and temporal patterns play essential roles in mediating the interactions between plants and floral visitors. This study analyzed the temporal aspects of visitors and flowers interaction and the possible adjustment between both organisms. We used Ipomoea bahiensis and its flower visitors as a model system. We evaluated the visitor frequency on the flowers throughout the day, flower opening and closing times, pollen availability and stigma receptivity. We also evaluated the highest fruit production time during the flower longevity was analyzed, and the time of highest pollinator activity, related to climatic factors. Among the floral visitors, bees, especially Melitoma spp., Apis mellifera, and Pseudaugochlora pandora were the most frequent visitors, presenting regular visits synchronized with the flower opening and closing times, which were also regular. This system was influenced mainly by light intensity. Besides, these bees were very active during the times of the highest fruit production. These data indicate the presence of temporal patterns for both the bees and the visited plants, and synchronization between them, being the light intensity as a modulator of the rhythms of bees and plant, confirming the importance of the temporal adjustments for pollination efficiency.

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Time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography reveals early structural changes in channelrhodopsin

eLife ◽

10.7554/elife.62389 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Kazumasa Oda ◽

Takashi Nomura ◽

Takanori Nakane ◽

Keitaro Yamashita ◽

Keiichi Inoue ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conformational Changes ◽

Structural Changes ◽

Local Deformation ◽

Proton Donor ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Molecular Events ◽

Channel Opening ◽

Ion Conducting ◽

And Shifts ◽

Opening And Closing

Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are microbial light-gated ion channels utilized in optogenetics to control neural activity with light . Light absorption causes retinal chromophore isomerization and subsequent protein conformational changes visualized as optically distinguished intermediates, coupled with channel opening and closing. However, the detailed molecular events underlying channel gating remain unknown. We performed time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallographic analyses of ChR by using an X-ray free electron laser, which revealed conformational changes following photoactivation. The isomerized retinal adopts a twisted conformation and shifts toward the putative internal proton donor residues, consequently inducing an outward shift of TM3, as well as a local deformation in TM7. These early conformational changes in the pore-forming helices should be the triggers that lead to opening of the ion conducting pore.

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Floral biology and physicochemical characterization of wild passion fruit Passiflora setacea d.C BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivated in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Marcos Rangel Junior ◽

Marco Antonio da Silva Vasconcellos ◽

Raul Castro Carriello Rosa ◽

Fabio Ferreira Cruvinel

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Opening And Closing ◽

Pollination Methods

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the floral and physicochemical characteristics of passion fruits BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar (Passiflora setacea D.C.), as well as its relationship with local climatic factors. Peak flowering, time in days of floral appearance until anthesis and until fruits harvest, floral morphometry, time of flower opening and closing, occurrence of natural self-pollination, geitonogamy and floral incompatibility, physicochemical characteristics of fruits and relationship with climatic variables were evaluated. Under the conditions of this study, it was observed that the flowering peak occurred in November and the time of flower opening ranged from 7:21 pm to 8:40 pm throughout the year, probably influenced by daily solar radiation; while the time of flower closing occurred between 6:00 am and 8:00 pm. After closing, flowers showed no recurrence of floral opening. Flowers of Passiflora setacea species BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar are self-incompatible and do not allow geitonogamy. Therefore, for fruit formation, cross-pollination is necessary. Regarding fruit setting in the different pollination methods, rates were 34.6% when artificially made and 53.5% in case of natural pollination. Fruits had, on average, longitudinal diameter of 4.9 cm, cross-sectional diameter of 46 mm and fresh mass of 55 g, juice volume of 15.7 ml per fruit, 13.31 ° Brix and total titratable acidity of 1.7 g / 100g ac. citric.

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