Temperature-dependent stomatal movement in tulip petals controls water transpiration during flower opening and closing

Pollination is an ecological process that relies on the matching traits of flower visitors and flowers. Morphology, behavior, and temporal patterns play essential roles in mediating the interactions between plants and floral visitors. This study analyzed the temporal aspects of visitors and flowers interaction and the possible adjustment between both organisms. We used Ipomoea bahiensis and its flower visitors as a model system. We evaluated the visitor frequency on the flowers throughout the day, flower opening and closing times, pollen availability and stigma receptivity. We also evaluated the highest fruit production time during the flower longevity was analyzed, and the time of highest pollinator activity, related to climatic factors. Among the floral visitors, bees, especially Melitoma spp., Apis mellifera, and Pseudaugochlora pandora were the most frequent visitors, presenting regular visits synchronized with the flower opening and closing times, which were also regular. This system was influenced mainly by light intensity. Besides, these bees were very active during the times of the highest fruit production. These data indicate the presence of temporal patterns for both the bees and the visited plants, and synchronization between them, being the light intensity as a modulator of the rhythms of bees and plant, confirming the importance of the temporal adjustments for pollination efficiency.

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Floral biology and physicochemical characterization of wild passion fruit Passiflora setacea d.C BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivated in the state of Rio de Janeiro

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018041 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Ivan Marcos Rangel Junior ◽

Marco Antonio da Silva Vasconcellos ◽

Raul Castro Carriello Rosa ◽

Fabio Ferreira Cruvinel

Keyword(s):

Climatic Factors ◽

Physicochemical Characterization ◽

Titratable Acidity ◽

Floral Biology ◽

Physicochemical Characteristics ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Fruit Setting ◽

Opening And Closing ◽

Pollination Methods

Abstract This work aimed to evaluate the floral and physicochemical characteristics of passion fruits BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar (Passiflora setacea D.C.), as well as its relationship with local climatic factors. Peak flowering, time in days of floral appearance until anthesis and until fruits harvest, floral morphometry, time of flower opening and closing, occurrence of natural self-pollination, geitonogamy and floral incompatibility, physicochemical characteristics of fruits and relationship with climatic variables were evaluated. Under the conditions of this study, it was observed that the flowering peak occurred in November and the time of flower opening ranged from 7:21 pm to 8:40 pm throughout the year, probably influenced by daily solar radiation; while the time of flower closing occurred between 6:00 am and 8:00 pm. After closing, flowers showed no recurrence of floral opening. Flowers of Passiflora setacea species BRS Pérola do Cerrado cultivar are self-incompatible and do not allow geitonogamy. Therefore, for fruit formation, cross-pollination is necessary. Regarding fruit setting in the different pollination methods, rates were 34.6% when artificially made and 53.5% in case of natural pollination. Fruits had, on average, longitudinal diameter of 4.9 cm, cross-sectional diameter of 46 mm and fresh mass of 55 g, juice volume of 15.7 ml per fruit, 13.31 ° Brix and total titratable acidity of 1.7 g / 100g ac. citric.

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Flower opening and closing ofOxalis martiana

Shokubutsugaku Zasshi ◽

10.1007/bf02488567 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 102 (2) ◽

pp. 245-253 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Osamu Tanaka ◽

Hiroshi Murakami ◽

Hiromitsu Wada ◽

Yuuji Tanaka ◽

Yuko Naka

Keyword(s):

Flower Opening ◽

Opening And Closing

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VARIATION OF FLOWER OPENING AND CLOSING TIMES IN F1 HYBRIDS OF DIURNALLY AND NOCTURNALLY FLOWERING DAYLILIES

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.2013.977.16 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 149-156

Author(s):

H.Y. Jia ◽

W.T. Cai ◽

H. Zhang ◽

Y.K. Gao ◽

Q. He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

F1 Hybrids ◽

Flower Opening ◽

Opening And Closing

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Variation of flower opening and closing times in F1 and F2 hybrids of daylily (Hemerocallis fulva ; Hemerocallidaceae) and nightlily (H. citrina )

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.3732/ajb.0900001 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 261-267 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Kozue Nitta ◽

Akiko A. Yasumoto ◽

Tetsukazu Yahara

Keyword(s):

Flower Opening ◽

F2 Hybrids ◽

Opening And Closing

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(111) Monocrystalline Nickel Films

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100095819 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 512-513

Author(s):

T.E. Pratt ◽

R.W. Vook

Keyword(s):

Film Thickness ◽

Deposition Rate ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Narrow Range ◽

High Vacuum ◽

Residual Pressure ◽

Temperature Dependent ◽

Deposition Parameters ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Substrate Temperatures

(111) oriented thin monocrystalline Ni films have been prepared by vacuum evaporation and examined by transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. In high vacuum, at room temperature, a layer of NaCl was first evaporated onto a freshly air-cleaved muscovite substrate clamped to a copper block with attached heater and thermocouple. Then, at various substrate temperatures, with other parameters held within a narrow range, Ni was evaporated from a tungsten filament. It had been shown previously that similar procedures would yield monocrystalline films of CU, Ag, and Au.For the films examined with respect to temperature dependent effects, typical deposition parameters were: Ni film thickness, 500-800 A; Ni deposition rate, 10 A/sec.; residual pressure, 10-6 torr; NaCl film thickness, 250 A; and NaCl deposition rate, 10 A/sec. Some additional evaporations involved higher deposition rates and lower film thicknesses.Monocrystalline films were obtained with substrate temperatures above 500° C. Below 450° C, the films were polycrystalline with a strong (111) preferred orientation.

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