Sociological edge effects: Spatial distribution of human impact in suburban forest fragments

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 829-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenn R. Matlack
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Human Impact ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Forest Fragments

Edge effects shape the spatial distribution of lianas and epiphytic ferns in Australian tropical rain forest fragments

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Magrach ◽  
Javier Rodríguez-Pérez ◽  
Mason Campbell ◽  
William F. Laurance
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Forest Fragments

scholarly journals Edge effects alter the role of fungi and insects in mediating functional composition and diversity of seedling recruits in a fragmented tropical forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 126 (7) ◽  
pp. 1181-1191
Author(s):  
Meghna Krishnadas ◽  
Kavya Agarwal ◽  
Liza S Comita
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Functional Diversity ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Edge Effects ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Canopy Openness ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Forest Fragments

Abstract Background and Aims In fragmented forests, proximity to forest edges can favour the establishment of resource-acquisitive species over more resource-conservative species. During seedling recruitment, resource-acquisitive species may benefit from either higher light availability or weaker top-down effects of natural enemies. The relative importance of light and enemies for recruitment has seldom been examined with respect to edge effects. Methods In a human-modified wet tropical forest in India, we first examined how functional traits indicative of resource-acquisitive vs. resource-conservative strategies, i.e. specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content, wood density and seed size, explained interspecific differences in densities of seedling recruits with distance to the forest edge. Then, we checked whether fungicide and insecticide treatments and canopy openness (proxy for light availability) explained edge effects on trait-mediated changes in seedling density. Finally, we examined whether light availability and natural enemy activity explained edge effects on functional diversity of seedling recruits. Key Results Up to 60 m from edges, recruit densities increased with decreasing seed size, but not at 90–100 m, where recruit densities increased with higher SLA. Trait-mediated variation in recruit densities changed with pesticides only at 90–100 m: compared with control plots, fungicide increased recruit densities for low SLA species and insecticide increased smaller seeded species. For SLA, wood density and seed size, functional diversity of recruits was higher at 90–100 m than at 0–5 m. At 90–100 m, fungicide decreased functional diversity for SLA and insecticide reduced seed size diversity compared with control plots. Canopy openness explained neither variation in recruit density in relation to traits nor functional diversity. Conclusions Altered biotic interactions can mediate local changes to trait composition and functional diversity during seedling recruitment in forest fragments, hinting at downstream effects on the structure and function of human-modified forests.

scholarly journals Estructura poblacional y distribución espacial del roble negro (Colombobalanus excelsa, Fagaceae), especie endémica, en fragmentos de bosque andino colombiano

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 486
Author(s):  
Natalia Aguirre-Acosta ◽  
Jorge Eduardo Botero-Echeverri
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Colombian Andes ◽  
Wood Extraction ◽  
Conservation Plans ◽  
Black Oak

Population structure and spatial distribution of black oak (Colombobalanus excelsa, Fagaceae), endemic species, in Colombian Andean forest fragments. The Colombian Andean forests are recognized for its great biodiversity and endemism; however, they have undergone a severe process of fragmentation due to anthropic factors. As a result, many vulnerable species have been especially affected. That is the case of the black oak (Colombobalanus excelsa (Lozano, Hern. Cam., & Henao) Nixon & Crepet), an endemic and poorly studied species of the Colombian Andes, which has a distribution restricted to only four areas in the country, one of which is the Southeastern Huila region. To examine black oak populations in Serranía Peñas Blancas (Huila), in 2006 we studied the age structure and spatial distribution in plots of 50 x 20 m (1.6 ha) in forest fragments, in southern distribution. In total, 1 228 black oak species were registered among saplings, juvenile and adults, and they have distribution patterns Gamma and Weibull. These results confirm that the majority of the individuals are in the first diametric class. Also, these populations show an added distribution pattern due to the wood extraction process. These results indicate that black oak populations are in a recovery phase after forceful anthropic intervention. Knowing the current status of black oak forests can contribute to the design of effective conservation plans of this species in Colombia. Rev. Biol. Trop. 66(2): 486-494. Epub 2018 June 01. 

scholarly journals Sensitivity to fragmentation and spatial distribution of birds in forest fragments of northern paraná

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Cristina Marques ◽  
Luiz dos Anjos
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Fragmentation ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Habitat Specialization ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Generalist Species ◽  
Northern Portion ◽  
Low Sensitivity

In this study we investigated the relationship between the sensitivity to forest fragmentation of bird species and their habitat spatial distribution. We hypothesized that a homogenous spatial distribution is associated to habitat-generalist species, which would tend to be less sensitive to forest fragmentation; in contrast, a heterogeneous spatial distribution would drive to an increase of sensitivity to forest fragmentation. We concentrated on analyses of the suboscine birds, which are known to be closely associated to microhabitats. Field data was obtained in the Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy (23°27′ S, 51°15′ W), southern Brazilian Atlantic forest. This reserve has high Biotic Integrity levels, with a relatively high number of recorded suboscines. Forty three species of suboscines were recorded, of which 21 species were considered to have high sensitivity and 22 to have low sensitivity to forest fragmentation. There was no association between levels of sensitivity to forest fragmentation and spatial distribution of suboscines. We only found significant correlation with the group of the subcanopy suboscines at the northern portion of Parque Estadual Mata dos Godoy. Therefore, we found a weak relationship between spatial distribution (habitat specialization) and sensitivity to forest fragmentation. The fact that habitat-specialist birds tend to live at the northern portion of Godoy State Park, which has the first type of terrain in a landscape to be converted into agriculture, indicate that that region has special importance for conservation.

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