Interaction of extraretinal eye position signals in a double-step saccade task: psychophysical estimation

1997 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Honda
Keyword(s):  
Eye Position ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Saccade Task

scholarly journals Local Feedback Signals Are Not Distorted By Prior Eye Movements: Evidence From Visually Evoked Double Saccades

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H.L.M. Goossens ◽  
A. J. Van Opstal
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Visually Guided ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Local Feedback ◽  
Reset Time ◽  
Saccadic Responses

Goossens, H.H.L.M. and A. J. Van Opstal. Local feedback signals are not distorted by prior eye movements: evidence from visually evoked double saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 533–538, 1997. Recent experiments have shown that the amplitude and direction of saccades evoked by microstimulation of the monkey superior colliculus depend systematically on the amplitude and direction of preceding visually guided saccades as well as on the postsaccade stimulation interval. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that an eye displacement integrator in the local feedback loop of the saccadic burst generator is gradually reset with a time constant of ∼45 ms. If this is true, similar effects should occur during naturally evoked saccade sequences, causing systematic interval-dependent errors. To test this prediction in humans, saccades toward visual single- and double-step stimuli were elicited, and the properties of the second saccades were investigated as a function of the intersaccadic interval (ISI). In 15–20% of the saccadic responses, ISIs fell well below 100 ms. The errors of the second saccades were not systematically affected by the preceding primary saccade, irrespective of the ISI. Only a slight increase in the endpoint variability of second saccades was observed for the shortest ISIs. These results are at odds with the hypothesis that the putative eye displacement integrator has a reset time constant >10 ms. Instead, it is concluded that the signals involved in the internal feedback control of the saccadic burst generator reflect eye position and/or eye displacement accurately, irrespective of preceding eye movements.

scholarly journals Oscillatory Activity in Human Parietal and Occipital Cortex Shows Hemispheric Lateralization and Memory Effects in a Delayed Double-Step Saccade Task

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 2364-2374 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Medendorp ◽  
G. F. I. Kramer ◽  
O. Jensen ◽  
R. Oostenveld ◽  
J.-M. Schoffelen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occipital Cortex ◽  
Memory Effects ◽  
Hemispheric Lateralization ◽  
Oscillatory Activity ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Saccade Task

scholarly journals Sounds are remapped across saccades

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Szinte ◽  
David Aagten-Murphy ◽  
Donatas Jonikaitis ◽  
Luca Wollenberg ◽  
Heiner Deubel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Space Constancy ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Saccade Trajectory

AbstractTo achieve visual space constancy, our brain remaps eye-centered projections of visual objects across saccades. Here, we measured saccade trajectory curvature following the presentation of visual, auditory, and audiovisual distractors in a double-step saccade task to investigate if this stability mechanism also accounts for localized sounds. We found that saccade trajectories systematically curved away from the position at which either a light or a sound was presented, suggesting that both modalities are represented in eye-centered oculomotor centers. Importantly, the same effect was observed when the distractor preceded the execution of the first saccade. These results suggest that oculomotor centers keep track of visual, auditory and audiovisual objects by remapping their eye-centered representations across saccades. Furthermore, they argue for the existence of a supra-modal map which keeps track of multi-sensory object locations across our movements to create an impression of space constancy.

Task-irrelevant emotional faces impair response adjustments in a double-step saccade task

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 1347-1354
Author(s):  
Zhenlan Jin ◽  
Shulin Yue ◽  
Junjun Zhang ◽  
Ling Li
Keyword(s):  
Double Step ◽  
Emotional Faces ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Saccade-Related Activity in the Parietal Reach Region

2000 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 1099-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence H. Snyder ◽  
Aaron P. Batista ◽  
Richard A. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Posterior Parietal Cortex ◽  
Cross Coupling ◽  
Delay Period ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Position Information ◽  
Posterior Parietal ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Hand Coordination

In previous experiments, we showed that cells in the parietal reach region (PRR) in monkey posterior parietal cortex code intended reaching movements in an eye-centered frame of reference. These cells are more active when an arm compared with an eye movement is being planned. Despite this clear preference for arm movements, we now report that PRR neurons also fire around the time of a saccade. Of 206 cells tested, 29% had perisaccadic activity in a delayed-saccade task. Two findings indicate that saccade-related activity does not reflect saccade planning or execution. First, activity is often peri- or postsaccadic but seldom presaccadic. Second, cells with saccade-related activity were no more likely to show strong saccadic delay period activity than cells without saccade-related activity. These findings indicate that PRR cells do not take part in saccade planning. Instead, the saccade-related activity in PRR may reflect cross-coupling between reach and saccade pathways that may be used to facilitate eye-hand coordination. Alternatively, saccade-related activity may reflect eye position information that could be used to maintain an eye-centered representation of intended reach targets across eye movements.

scholarly journals Memory-Guided Saccades in Psychosis: Effects of Medication and Stimulus Location

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1071
Author(s):  
Eleanor S. Smith ◽  
Trevor J. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Target Location ◽  
Bipolar Affective Disorder ◽  
Gain Control ◽  
Stimulus Location ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Diagnostic Classification ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Peripheral Target ◽  
Auditory Cue ◽  
Saccade Task

The memory-guided saccade task requires the remembrance of a peripheral target location, whilst inhibiting the urge to make a saccade ahead of an auditory cue. The literature has explored the endophenotypic deficits associated with differences in target laterality, but less is known about target amplitude. The data presented came from Crawford et al. (1995), employing a memory-guided saccade task among neuroleptically medicated and non-medicated patients with schizophrenia (n = 31, n = 12), neuroleptically medicated and non-medicated bipolar affective disorder (n = 12, n = 17), and neurotypical controls (n = 30). The current analyses explore the relationships between memory-guided saccades toward targets with different eccentricities (7.5° and 15°), the discernible behaviour exhibited amongst diagnostic groups, and cohorts distinguished based on psychotic symptomatology. Saccade gain control and final eye position were reduced among medicated-schizophrenia patients. These metrics were reduced further among targets with greater amplitudes (15°), indicating greater deficit. The medicated cohort exhibited reduced gain control and final eye positions in both amplitudes compared to the non-medicated cohort, with deficits markedly observed for the furthest targets. No group differences in symptomatology (positive and negative) were reported, however, a greater deficit was observed toward the larger amplitude. This suggests that within the memory-guided saccade paradigm, diagnostic classification is more prominent in characterising disparities in saccade performance than symptomatology.

scholarly journals Contributions of gaze-centered and object-centered coding in a double-step saccade task

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anouk J. de Brouwer ◽  
W. Pieter Medendorp ◽  
Jeroen B. J. Smeets
Keyword(s):  
Double Step ◽  
Saccade Task

scholarly journals Microsaccade-induced prolongation of saccade latencies depends on microsaccade amplitude

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Rolfs ◽  
Jochen Laubrock ◽  
Reinhold Kliegl
Keyword(s):  
Visual Angle ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Oculomotor System ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Related Activity ◽  
Response Latencies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Saccade Preparation

Fixations consist of small movements including microsaccades, i.e., rapid flicks in eye position that replace the retinal image by up to 1 degree of visual angle. Recently, we showed in a delayed-saccade task (1) that the rate of microsaccades decreased in the course of saccade preparation and (2) that microsaccades occurring around the time of a go signal were associated with prolonged saccade latencies (Rolfs et al., 2006). A re-analysis of the same data set revealed a strong dependence of these findings on microsaccade amplitude. First, microsaccade amplitude dropped to a minimum just before the generation of a saccade. Second, the delay of response saccades was a function of microsaccade amplitude: Microsaccades with larger amplitudes were followed by longer response latencies. These finding were predicted by a recently proposed model that attributes microsaccade generation to fixation-related activity in a saccadic motor map that is in competition with the generation of large saccades (Rolfs et al., 2008). We propose, therefore, that microsaccade statistics provide a behavioral correlate of fixation-related activity in the oculomotor system.

Intracortical Microstimulation of Bilateral Frontal Eye Field

1998 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 2240-2244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naotaka Fujii ◽  
Hajime Mushiake ◽  
Jun Tanji
Keyword(s):  
Visual Target ◽  
Frontal Eye Field ◽  
Eye Position ◽  
Intracortical Microstimulation ◽  
Constant Vector ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Stimulation Condition ◽  
Paired Stimulation ◽  
Eye Field ◽  
Fixation Task

Fujii, Naotaka, Hajime Mushiake, and Jun Tanji. Intracortical microstimulation of bilateral frontal eye field. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 2240–2244, 1998. We trained two monkeys to perform a fixation task. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) was applied to the monkey frontal eye field (FEF) while monkeys were fixating on one of five fixation LEDs. The ICMS was applied in two different manners. Under the single stimulation condition, ICMS was delivered to either right or left FEF. Under the paired stimulation condition, bilateral FEF were successively stimulated with an interval of 30–250 ms. The single stimulation elicited contraversive saccades. As reported previously, these saccades were not much affected by initial eye positions, maintaining the same vector. In contrast, the paired stimulation elicited double-step saccades. The first of the paired stimulation elicited constant vector saccades, but the second of the paired stimulation evoked saccades whose vector varied greatly depending on the eye position at the start of individual saccades. The second saccades, starting from various initial positions, were directed to the endpoint of saccades that were elicited from the same FEF site under the single stimulation condition. Endpoints of second saccades varied little despite variations of intervals of the stimulation pairs, ranging from 60 to 150 ms. On the basis of these observations, we propose a novel view that the FEF is involved in directing saccades to an internally referenced visual target.

scholarly journals Sounds are remapped across saccades

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Szinte ◽  
David Aagten-Murphy ◽  
Donatas Jonikaitis ◽  
Luca Wollenberg ◽  
Heiner Deubel
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Double Step ◽  
Visual Objects ◽  
Object Locations ◽  
Space Constancy ◽  
Saccade Task ◽  
Saccade Trajectory

AbstractTo achieve visual space constancy, our brain remaps eye-centered projections of visual objects across saccades. Here, we measured saccade trajectory curvature following the presentation of visual, auditory, and audiovisual distractors in a double-step saccade task to investigate if this stability mechanism also accounts for localized sounds. We found that saccade trajectories systematically curved away from the position at which either a light or a sound was presented, suggesting that both modalities are represented in eye-centered oculomotor centers. Importantly, the same effect was observed when the distractor preceded the execution of the first saccade. These results suggest that oculomotor centers keep track of visual, auditory and audiovisual objects by remapping their eye-centered representations across saccades. Furthermore, they argue for the existence of a supra-modal map which keeps track of multi-sensory object locations across our movements to create an impression of space constancy.

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