Cultivation of mammalian pineal cells: Retention of organization and function in tissue culture

In Vitro ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Nathanson ◽  
Sue Binkley ◽  
S. Robert Hilfer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
And Function

Morphology, yield and functional integrity of islet-like cell clusters in tissue culture of human fetal pancreata obtained after different means of abortion

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Otonkoski ◽  
Mikael Knip ◽  
Pertti Panula ◽  
Sture Andersson ◽  
Inés Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Insulin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cell Clusters ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Induced Abortions ◽  
And Function

Abstract. Morphology, yield and function were studied in cultured islet-like cell clusters (ICC) from 140 human fetal pancreata obtained after abortions of different types performed at 11–23 weeks of gestation (12 by hysterotomy, 75 by mechanical dilation and extraction, and 53 induced with prostaglandin). After collagenase digestion and culture in medium supplemented with 10% human serum, up to 2000 free-floating ICC were formed from a single pancreas. Randomly scattered insulin- and glucagon-immunoreactive cells were found in the medullary part of the ICC. More than 100 ICC developed in 100% of the hysterotomies and 87% of the mechanical abortions, but in only 53% of the prostaglandin-induced abortions. Insulin and glucagon levels in the culture medium decreased rapidly during the first 7 days of culture, but then remained stable for at least 31 days. The hysterotomy-derived ICC responded to 10 mmol/l theophylline plus 20 mmol/l glucose by a 12.2 ± 3.1 (sem, N = 7) fold increase in insulin release, as compared with a 5.4 ± 0.9 fold response of the prostaglandin ICC (N = 16; P < 0.02). Despite the low proportion of B-cells, (pro)insulin biosynthesis accounted for 10% of the total protein biosynthesis in low (2 mmol/l) glucose. In conclusion, the yield and viability of the ICC were clearly better, if prostaglandin had not been used for the induction of the abortion.

Effects of glycine betaine and glycerophosphocholine on thermal stability of ribonuclease

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (4) ◽  
pp. F762-F765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice B. Burg ◽  
Eugenia M. Peters
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Rnase A ◽  
Renal Cells ◽  
And Function ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Urea in renal medullas is sufficiently high to perturb macromolecules, yet the cells survive and function. The counteracting osmolytes hypothesis holds that methylamines, such as glycine betaine (betaine) and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) in renal medullas, stabilize macromolecules and oppose the effects of urea. Although betaine counteracts effects of urea on macromolecules in vitro and protects renal cells from urea in tissue culture, renal cells accumulate GPC rather than betaine in response to high urea both in vivo and in tissue culture. A proposed explanation is that GPC counteracts urea more effectively than betaine. However, we previously found GPC slightly less effective than betaine in counteracting inhibition of pyruvate kinase activity by urea. To test another macromolecule, we now compare GPC and betaine in counteracting reduction of the thermal stability of RNase A by urea. We find that urea decreases the thermal transition temperature and that betaine and GPC increase it, counteracting urea approximately equally. Therefore, the preference for GPC in response to high urea presumably has some other basis, such as a lower metabolic cost of GPC accumulation.

Survival and Function of Bioengineered Cardiac Grafts

Circulation ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 100 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ren-Ke Li ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Jia ◽  
Richard D. Weisel ◽  
Donald A. G. Mickle ◽  
Angel Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Scar Tissue ◽  
Myocardial Scar ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Myocardial Scar Tissue ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cardiac Graft

Introduction —Patients with congenital heart disease frequently require graft material for repair of cardiac defects. However, currently available grafts lack growth potential and are noncontractile and thrombogenic. We have developed a viable cardiac graft that contracts spontaneously in tissue culture by seeding cells derived from fetal rat ventricular muscle into a biodegradable material. We report our investigations of the in vitro and in vivo survival and function of this bioengineered cardiac graft. Methods and Results —A cardiomyocyte-enriched cell inoculum derived from fetal rat ventricular muscle was seeded into a piece of Gelfoam (Upjohn, Ontario, Canada), a biodegradable gelatin mesh, to form the graft. For in vitro studies, growth patterns of the cells within the graft were evaluated by constructing growth curves and by histologic examination; in in vivo studies, the graft was cultured for 7 days and then implanted either into the subcutaneous tissue of adult rat legs or onto myocardial scar tissue in a cryoinjured rat heart. Five weeks later, the graft was studied histologically. The inoculated cells attached to the gelatin mesh and grew in 3 dimensions in tissue culture, forming a beating cardiac graft. In both the subcutaneous tissue and the myocardial scar, blood vessels grew into the graft from the surrounding tissue. The graft implanted into the subcutaneous tissue contracted regularly and spontaneously. When implanted onto myocardial scar tissue, the cells within the graft survived and formed junctions with the recipient heart cells. Conclusions —Fetal rat ventricular cells can grow 3-dimensionally in a gelatin mesh. The cells in the graft formed cardiac tissue and survived and contracted spontaneously both in tissue culture and after subcutaneous implantation. Future versions of this bioengineered cardiac graft may eventually be used to repair cardiac defects.

Tissue culture of human fetal pancreas. Development and function of B-cells in vitro and transplantation of explants to nude mice

Diabetes ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 34 (11) ◽  
pp. 1113-1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sandler ◽  
A. Andersson ◽  
A. Schnell ◽  
A. Mellgren ◽  
J. Tollemar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Nude Mice ◽  
Pancreas Development ◽  
Fetal Pancreas ◽  
Human Fetal Pancreas ◽  
And Function

STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIGENIC PHENOTYPE AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN GLIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

Brain ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. E. KENNEDY ◽  
J. FOK-SEANG
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Antigenic Phenotype ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Polewards microtubule flux in the mitotic spindle: evidence from photoactivation of fluorescence.

1989 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 637-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J Mitchison
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Dynamics ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Culture Cells ◽  
Tissue Culture Cells ◽  
And Function ◽  
Spindle Structure

I have synthesized a novel derivative of carboxyfluorescein that is nonfluorescent, but can be converted to a fluorescent form by exposure to 365-nm light. This photoactivable, fluorescent probe was covalently attached to tubulin and microinjected into mitotic tissue culture cells, where it incorporated into functional spindles. To generate a fluorescent bar across the mitotic spindle, metaphase cells were irradiated with a slit microbeam. This bar decreased in intensity over the first minute, presumably due to turnover of nonkinetochore microtubules. The remaining fluorescent zones, now presumably restricted to kinetochore microtubules, moved polewards at 0.3-0.7 microns/min. This result provides strong evidence for polewards flux in kinetochore microtubules. In conjunction with earlier biotin-tubulin incorporation experiments (Mitchison, T. J., L. Evans, E. Schulze, and M. Kirschner. 1986. Cell. 45:515-527), I conclude that microtubules polymerize at kinetochores and depolymerize near the poles throughout metaphase. The significance of this observation for spindle structure and function is discussed. Local photoactivation of fluorescence should be a generally useful method for following molecular dynamics inside living cells.

scholarly journals Glucosidase inhibitors suppress SARS-CoV-2 in tissue culture and may potentiate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanako Reyes ◽  
Yanming Du ◽  
Tianlun Zhou ◽  
Xuping Xie ◽  
Pei-Yong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Storage Disease ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Lysosomal Storage ◽  
Human Lung Cells ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Human Use ◽  
Culture Activity ◽  
And Function

Iminosugar glucosidase inhibitors prevent the folding of a range of viral N-linked glycoproteins, ranging from hepatitis B to Ebola. We recently showed they inhibit folding and function of the ACE2 protein, which is the receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and they have also inhibited the SARS Spike polypeptides. Here we report that the imino sugar glucosidase inhibitors, N-butyl deoxynojirimycin (NBDNJ), which is approved for management of lysosomal storage disease (sold as Zavesca), and ureido-N-hexyl deoxynojirimycine (BSBI-19029), suppress the replication of SARS-ncCoV-2/USA/WA1/2020 strain, in tissue culture. Moreover, combinations of either of these iminosugars with Remdesivir were particularly potent in suppressing SARS-CoV-2. Briefly, NBDNJ, 19029 and Remdesivir suppressed SARS-CoV-2 production in A549ACE2 human lung cells with IC90s of ~130 μM, ~4.0 μM, and 0.006 μM respectively. The combination of as little as 0.037 μM of NBDNJ or 0.04 μM 19029, respectively and 0.002 μM Remdesivir yielded IC90s. Medical strategies to manage SARS-CoV-2 infection of people are urgently needed, and although Remdesivir and Favipiravir have shown efficacy, it is limited. NBDNJ was recently reported by others to have tissue culture activity against SARS-CoV-2, so our report confirms this, and extends the findings to a more potent iminosugar, 19029 and combination with Remdesivir. Since both NBDNJ and Remdesivir are both approved and available for human use, the possibility that NBDNJ has mono therapeutic value against SARS-CoV-2 as well as can enhance Remdesivir, may have clinical implications, which are discussed, here.

scholarly journals A complex 3D human tissue culture system based on mammary stromal cells and silk scaffolds for modeling breast morphogenesis and function

Biomaterials ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (14) ◽  
pp. 3920-3929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuli Wang ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Maricel V. Maffini ◽  
Ana Soto ◽  
Carlos Sonnenschein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Stromal Cells ◽  
Human Tissue ◽  
Culture System ◽  
Tissue Culture System ◽  
Breast Morphogenesis ◽  
Silk Scaffolds ◽  
And Function
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