Analysis Minimal Exchange Structures and General Exchange Structure in English Classroom Interaction Found in Youtube

This research reported study about analysis minimal exchange structures and general exchange structure in English classroom interaction found in you tube, (from mujikuy channel : asking and giving information about berbasis ganre in x class). This study direct to analysis the element of minimal exchange structures and general exchanges structures in English classroom interaction find in you tube. The data is the clauses obtained from conversation among teacher and students of X grade during English classroom learning process that find in you tube from (Mujikuy channel : asking and giving information about berbasis ganre in x class). This study uses theory of Halliday (1994) by qualitative descriptive method. The result shows that there are three (3) types of act as the element of exchange structures: Initiating, Responding,and Following-Up (I-R-F). Minimal exchange structure consists of: Initiating-Responding (I-R) or Initiating-Responding-Following Up (I-R-F). General structure of exchange in classroom situation consists of: greeting, giving order, giving information, asking question, and closing. In the learning process, things do not always go well. When the learning process students sometimes do not respond to conversations or instructions given by the teacher. Therefore teachers must take initiatives such as providing information, asking questions, and giving instructions. So that the learning process becomes more efficient. This study shows that the teacher has the authority to regulate learning activities

Vertical turbulent exchange structure and parametrization for 3D shallow water hydrodynamics models

The work describes research of vertical turbulent exchange structure and parametrization for 3D shallow water hydrodynamics models. In this paper, the coefficients of horizontal turbulent exchange are calculated using a whole set of averaging periods of turbulent velocity pulsations. Using experimental data on the pulsations of the velocity components, the coefficient of vertical turbulent exchange was calculated on the basis of various approaches to its parameterization, based on the analysis of the obtained coefficient distributions, the most adequate parameterization of the coefficient was selected, which is used in the software package. The distribution of the vertical turbulent exchange coefficient obtained in a numerical experiment was compared with the results of full-scale measurements, and the calculation results obtained using the mathematical statistics apparatus were analysed.

THE IRF EXCHANGE AS A PEDAGOGICAL TOOL: A STUDY OF ESL CLASSROOMS IN POKUASE TOWNSHIP, GHANA

<p>The classroom is a place where teachers and their pupils or students engage in interaction in order to promote effective learning. Such interactions can follow different patterns, and one such pattern is the IRF (initiation-response-feedback) exchange structure, developed by Sinclair and Coulthard (1975, 1992). This study examines the use of the IRF exchange pattern as a pedagogical tool in the English language classrooms of some Basic Schools in Pokuase, a town in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. It investigates the way teachers and pupils initiate, respond to, and provide feedback for effective language acquisition. In order to achieve this objective, a qualitative case study was adopted to analyze 11 hours and 40 minutes of classroom recordings and 100 minutes of interview data. Results regarding the IRF structure show that the various acts within the initiation move included nomination, directing, and prompting; the acts in the response move were replying and reacting, while the acts within the feedback move were acceptance, praise, criticism, and expansion. This result is an indication that there were more initiation and feedback acts than response acts, suggesting the teachers dominated the use of the exchange pattern, leaving the pupils to only provide responses. Results of the teachers’ role indicate that they are engaging in teacher talk as a way of providing explanation, organizing the lesson, and redirecting learners in the interaction. The teachers also provided prompt guidelines by creating conducive environment for the learners to be able to write, read, also provided specific and individual feedback to either correct learners’ language input or to encourage them to learn more. Based on the results, it is argued that teachers, especially at the basic level, should endeavour to employ the use of the IRF pattern because it has the potential to contribute a great deal to ESL teaching and learning.</p><p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0845/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Why is the Influence of Servant Leadership on Affective Commitment to Change Insignificant? Proposing Objective Workplace Spirituality as the Mediator

The ability to quickly adapt to change has been one of the mandatory requirements for every organization to succeed in this disruptive era. While commitment to change is the most desirable attitude when an organization faces major changes, an affective commitment to change is the dominant dimension of commitment to change. On the other hand, leadership is known as one of the most important antecedents of commitment to change. However, researches on this relationship have not been conclusive. Using the affect theory of social exchange and servant leadership theory, this theoretical review argues that the study method, type of exchange structure in the research context, and the need for mediation are the three main reasons for the research gap. This literature review proposes objective workplace spirituality as the mediator between servant leadership and affective commitment to change relationships.

Negotiation of Meaning of Indonesian EFL Learners in Casual Conversation: An SFL Study

Communicative interaction is demanded by all levels of EFL learners. To prepare them to comply with this purpose, engaging them to deal with the real-life conversation using the target language may have beneficial effects on their second language acquisition process. However, the way learners negotiating meaning in an understandable way and how they position themselves as the appropriate role of the speakers are still rarely studied, especially in the Indonesian teaching and learning context. This study aims to reveal what type of commodity is being exchanged by graduate learners (3 females and 1 male) when they are assigned to have an unplanned casual conversation. The study further analyzes the nature of the exchange structure of EFL learners' casual conversation seen from the Systemic Functional Linguistics perspective. The data were taken from audio recordings of casual conversations and then transcribed as the written data. The conversation was then divided into clauses as the unit of analysis. In employing a spoken discourse analysis framework, interactive analysis was implemented to discover exchange structure. The results show the exchanged commodity is information through statements. It indicates that as magister students, they always show their knowledge off, and intimacy sometimes matters as the reason for informative conversations. The speakers' role also has been successfully achieved by the speakers since their ability to position themselves as initiators or responders to keep the conversational flow.

A negotiation analysis of risk assessment in community correction from the perspective of exchange structure

Community correction, as a new form of crime punishment towards restorative justice, is being widely practiced in China. This paper, adopting an ethnographic method, explores the exchange structure of risk assessment in community correction by analyzing a dataset of 12 assessments. The study finds that the risk assessment discourse is replete with the informing exchange (formulized as K1^(K2f)) and eliciting exchange (formulized as K2^K1). It further discusses how the canonical structures are invalidated and what variant structures could address the issue. These findings suggest that judicial social workers need to raise their linguistic awareness and offenders need more effective linguistic choices in order to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of risk assessment.

FACTORS INFLUENCING EXCHANGE STRUCTURE CHANGES IN ADAPTATION FROM NOVEL TO FILM OF R.J. PALACIO’S WONDER

This article reports a study on conversational aspects of adaptation from novel to movie. Specifically it reports the exchange structure changes when dialogues in novel is adapted into movie, the issue of fidelity that is involved in the changes, and how the changes affect information or message of the original exchange. This study adopts Stam’s (2000) theory on adaptation and MacCarthy’s (1991) theory on exchange structure of conversation to analyze R.J. Palacio’s novel Wonder (2012) and its film adaptation with the same title Wonder (2017). This descriptive qualitative study involves 9 data selected from the conversations of the main character, Auggie, in the novel and their corresponding dialogues in the film. The finding shows that the changes of structure elements is influenced by the changes of settings and participants, as well as the need of focus and emphasis of given issues in the conversation.