STUDIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT, ANTIGENIC PHENOTYPE AND FUNCTION OF HUMAN GLIAL CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE

Brain ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (6) ◽  
pp. 1261-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. E. KENNEDY ◽  
J. FOK-SEANG
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Antigenic Phenotype ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals OS3.4 Effect of bevacizumab on the morphology and function of neurons and glial cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl_4) ◽  
pp. iv7-iv7
Author(s):  
P. Latzer ◽  
C. Theiss ◽  
U. Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Cell-to-Cell Communication in Learning and Memory: From Neuro- and Glio-Transmission to Information Exchange Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriella Schiera ◽  
Carlo Maria Di Liegro ◽  
Italia Di Liegro
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Glial Cells ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
System Development ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Nervous System Development ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
And Function

Most aspects of nervous system development and function rely on the continuous crosstalk between neurons and the variegated universe of non-neuronal cells surrounding them. The most extraordinary property of this cellular community is its ability to undergo adaptive modifications in response to environmental cues originating from inside or outside the body. Such ability, known as neuronal plasticity, allows long-lasting modifications of the strength, composition and efficacy of the connections between neurons, which constitutes the biochemical base for learning and memory. Nerve cells communicate with each other through both wiring (synaptic) and volume transmission of signals. It is by now clear that glial cells, and in particular astrocytes, also play critical roles in both modes by releasing different kinds of molecules (e.g., D-serine secreted by astrocytes). On the other hand, neurons produce factors that can regulate the activity of glial cells, including their ability to release regulatory molecules. In the last fifteen years it has been demonstrated that both neurons and glial cells release extracellular vesicles (EVs) of different kinds, both in physiologic and pathological conditions. Here we discuss the possible involvement of EVs in the events underlying learning and memory, in both physiologic and pathological conditions.

scholarly journals Astrocytes: News about Brain Health and Diseases

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 394
Author(s):  
Jacopo Meldolesi
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Present State ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Brain Health ◽  
Traumatic Injuries ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Brain Physiology ◽  
And Function

Astrocytes, the most numerous glial cells in the brains of humans and other mammalian animals, have been studied since their discovery over 100 years ago. For many decades, however, astrocytes were believed to operate as a glue, providing only mechanical and metabolic support to adjacent neurons. Starting from a “revolution” initiated about 25 years ago, numerous astrocyte functions have been reconsidered, some previously unknown, others attributed to neurons or other cell types. The knowledge of astrocytes has been continuously growing during the last few years. Based on these considerations, in the present review, different from single or general overviews, focused on six astrocyte functions, chosen due in their relevance in both brain physiology and pathology. Astrocytes, previously believed to be homogeneous, are now recognized to be heterogeneous, composed by types distinct in structure, distribution, and function; their cooperation with microglia is known to govern local neuroinflammation and brain restoration upon traumatic injuries; and astrocyte senescence is relevant for the development of both health and diseases. Knowledge regarding the role of astrocytes in tauopathies and Alzheimer’s disease has grow considerably. The multiple properties emphasized here, relevant for the present state of astrocytes, will be further developed by ongoing and future studies.

Cultivation of mammalian pineal cells: Retention of organization and function in tissue culture

In Vitro ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 843-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Nathanson ◽  
Sue Binkley ◽  
S. Robert Hilfer
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Harmonin (Ush1c) is required in zebrafish Muller glial cells for photoreceptor synaptic development and function

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 786-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Phillips ◽  
B. Blanco-Sanchez ◽  
J. J. Lentz ◽  
A. Tallafuss ◽  
K. Khanobdee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glial Cells ◽  
Synaptic Development ◽  
Müller Glial Cells ◽  
And Function
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