Soap-Based detergent formulations: XXV. Synthesis and surface active properties of higher molecular weight betaine lime soap dispersants

1979 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 771-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Kaminski ◽  
Warner M. Linfield
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lime Soap ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Surface Active

Surface active properties of combinations of soap and lime soap dispersing agents

1977 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 339-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Weil ◽  
W. M. Linfield
Keyword(s):  
Lime Soap ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Dispersing Agents

WAX SECRETION IN THE COCKROACH

1955 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 514-538
Author(s):  
J. W. L. BEAMENT
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
Solvent Molecules ◽  
Water Saturated ◽  
Chain Lengths ◽  
Novel Design ◽  
Surface Balance

An investigation has been made into the properties of the grease layer which waterproofs the cuticle of the cockroach Periplaneta americana. This grease changes slowly into a hard wax if stored in air. The melting-point rises during this process by 20° C. It is shown that the grease consists of a hard wax (m.p. 56° C.) dissolved in a ‘solvent’ which is liquid at room temperatures; there may be equal amounts of wax and of solvent. It is suggested that the series of paraffins and alcohols which probably compose the wax extend into the short-chain lengths, C8-C12 to provide the solvent. A micro-freezing-point method for determining the molecular weight of wax samples is described (based on Ramsay's method for aqueous solutions); the molecular weight of the solvent lies between 120 and 170, and of the hard wax--300-350. A method is also outlined for collecting large quantities of cockroach wax. Of a large range of lipophilic liquids, which dissolve waxes, only octane, decane, octyl and decyl alcohols are miscible in all proportions with insect waxes, and form synthetic greases with beeswax and with the hard wax of the cockroach. The surface-active properties of the natural and synthetic greases have been compared on a surface balance of novel design which is described in the Appendix. The two materials are remarkably similar; the surface balance has been used to confirm the size of the solvent molecules. An apparatus is described which enables the continuous measurement of water transport through an insect membrane in a water vapour/vapour gradient, and in the presence of other vapours. As opposed to the effect of the most organic wax solvents, the vapour of an octane-octyl alcohol mixture does not alter the permeability of a natural insect cuticle to water; exposure of an artificially waxed membrane to this vapour and water increases its impermeability. Evidence is provided for believing that octane-octyl alcohol mixtures will improve the waterproofness of most ‘imperfectly’ waxed membranes. The natural grease of the cockroach is a strong reducing agent, and evidence is produced for believing that the lipoid part is entirely saturated, but that it contains a small portion of substances resembling shellac. It is suggested that this represents the ‘cement’ layer of the cockroach cuticle. The importance of spreading agents with wax solubility in the formation of insect waterproof layers is discussed; it is suggested that the presence of a water-saturated substrate is an essential part of this process.

scholarly journals Novel polymer surfactants based on the branched silatrane-containing polyesters and polyethers

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Istratov ◽  
V. I. Gomzyak ◽  
O. V. Yamskova ◽  
G. D. Markova ◽  
L. G. Komarova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Degree Of Substitution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Critical Micelle Concentrations ◽  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Surface Active ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Polymer Surfactants

Objectives. Biologically active polymeric surfactants are a new promising class of macromolecules that can find application in medicine, cosmetology, and agriculture. In this study, a number of new biologically active amphiphilic polymers based on branched silatrane-containing polyesters and polyethers were obtained, and their surface-active properties were investigated.Methods. The branched polymers were represented by polyethers and polyesters, obtained respectively via the anionic polymerization of 1,2-epoxypropanol or a combination of equilibrium polycondensation and ring opening polymerization. The polymers were modified with 3-isocyanopropylsilatrane and trimethylethoxysilane to obtain the amphiphilic compounds containing silatrane groups bonded to the polymer backbone by the urethane bond. The structure of the synthesized polymer silatranes was confirmed via nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The surface active properties of all the copolymers obtained were investigated in connection with their obvious amphiphilicity. In particular, the formation of micelles in aqueous solutions is such a property. The critical micelle concentrations were determined by a method of quenching the fluorescence of the polymers.Results. It was shown that the values of the critical micelle concentrations and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values of polymers determined by the Griffin equation correlate well with each other. A linear relationship between the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and the critical micelle concentrations was established. At the same time, polyether-based polymers generally showed higher critical micelle concentrations than polyester-based polymers, although the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance values for polymers of different series, but with close degrees of substitution, were close. It was found that the use of all synthesized polymers as stabilizers of direct and reverse emulsions leads to an increase in the aggregative stability of both types of emulsions. The stability of emulsions depended both on the degree of substitution of peripheral hydroxyl groups of polymers by silatranes and on the molecular weight and structure of the branched block of polymers. The stability of direct emulsions increased for all polymers, while that of inverse emulsions decreased with an increasing degree of substitution of hydroxyl groups by silatranes. The increase of the branched block molecular weight led to an increase of droplet sizes for both direct and inverse emulsions. The smallest droplet size for direct and inverse emulsions was obtained using polymers with low molecular weight branched polyester blocks as surfactants.Conclusions. The results obtained prove the possibility of creating polymer surfactants containing silatrane groups. By varying the structure of the polymer, its molecular weight and the degree of substitution of peripheral functional groups, it is possible to obtain surfactants with desired surface properties.

scholarly journals Research of surface-active properties and sizes of pectin molecules after post-alcohol grain distillery dreg

2021 ◽  
Vol 640 (5) ◽  
pp. 052014
Author(s):  
A S Kaishev ◽  
N S Kaisheva ◽  
H N Gyulbyakova ◽  
E A Maslovskaya ◽  
V A Karpenko
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Surface Active

Evaluation of Surface Active Properties of Saponins Isolated from Acacia concinna D. C. Pods

Lipid / Fett ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
G. Pratap ◽  
V. S. Bhaskar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Surface Active

Surface active properties of viscosin: a peptidolipid antibiotic

1990 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
ThomasR. Neu ◽  
Thomas H�rtner ◽  
Karl Poralla
Keyword(s):  
Surface Active Properties ◽  
Surface Active
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document