Economic Growth and Equity: Complements or Opposites?

1993 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 65-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
Structural Barriers ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Automatic Mechanism ◽  
The U.S

There is no automatic mechanism in a market economy to guarantee reduced inequality of income with growth. Some theories lead us to expect just the opposite. At best, there are self-limiting cyclical effects, associated with changes in unemployment. U.S. economic growth has actually been quite slow since the 1950s. Besides, there are structural barriers to reduced inequality that operate with or without growth. Historical evidence for different countries presents a mixed picture. For the U.S. economy, postwar growth has been associated with an upturn in measured inequality. Government intervention has been mildly equalizing, through transfers and expenditures but not through taxes.

Urban crisis: The genealogy of a concept

Urban Studies ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 2039-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Government Intervention ◽  
The Other ◽  
Urban Crisis ◽  
Material Forces ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Fiscal Crises

The term ‘urban crisis’ emerged in the USA in the 1950s. Ever since the term came into popular use, it has been mobilised to advance a range of political and economic interests. Utilising a genealogical approach, this article traces the evolution, uses and abuses of the concept. It suggests that the various meanings attached to the term are rooted in two overarching frameworks. While one finds the origins of urban crisis in structural, primarily material, forces, the other sees the crisis as grounded in culture and immorality. The article argues that the concept was deployed in the 1950s and 1960s to justify government intervention of various sorts to stimulate economic growth. However, it finds the fiscal crises of the 1970s gave rise to a dominant understanding of urban crisis that promoted the spread of urban neoliberalism.

“The Real Nature and Spirit of Our Lives”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Porterfield
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Labor Unions ◽  
Social Evolution ◽  
Fourteenth Amendment ◽  
The Real ◽  
Real Nature ◽  
Republican Liberty ◽  
The U.S

Proponents of social evolution blurred boundaries between commerce and Christianity after the Civil War, championing Christian work as a means to economic growth, republican liberty, and national prosperity. Meanwhile, workers invoked Christ to condemn patronizing attitudes toward labor, and by organizing labor unions to hold capitalists accountable to Pauline ideals of social membership. Influenced by organic theories of social organization that traced modern corporations to medieval institutions, U.S. courts began recognizing corporations as natural persons protected by rights guaranteed in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which had originally be crafted to protect the rights of African Americans.

Institution building and institutional voids

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila M. Puffer ◽  
Daniel J McCarthy ◽  
Alfred M Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Institution Building ◽  
Institutional Voids ◽  
Formal Institutions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bric Countries

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative analysis of institutions and institutional voids in Russia, Brazil, and Poland over the decades of the 1980s through to 2015. The paper asserts that Russia and Brazil could learn much from Poland regarding formal institution building and formal institutional voids that cause problems like corruption and limit economic growth. Design/methodology/approach – A comparative case study approach is utilized to assess the relative success of the three emerging market countries in transitioning to a market economy, viewed through the lens of institutional theory. Findings – Poland’s experience in building successful formal institutions and mitigating major institutional voids can be instructive for Russia and Brazil which have shown far less success, and correspondingly less sustained economic growth. Research limitations/implications – This paper demonstrates the value of applying institutional theory to analyze the progress of emerging economies in transitioning to a market economy. Practical implications – This country comparison can prove valuable to other emerging economies seeking a successful transition to a market economy. Social implications – Since institutions are the fabric of any society, the emphasis on institutions in this paper can have positive implications for society in emerging markets. Originality/value – This paper is an original comparison of two BRIC countries with a smaller emerging economy, utilizing institutional theory. Factors contributing to Poland’s success are compared to Russia and Brazil to assess how those countries might be positively informed by Poland’s experience in building and strengthening sustainable formal institutions as well as avoiding institutional voids and their associated problems.

scholarly journals Toward local sustainability: Social capital as a community insurance in Kazakhstan

2021 ◽  
pp. 187936652110381
Author(s):  
Yuliya Darmenova ◽  
EunJoo Koo
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Market Economy ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mutual Trust ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Reciprocal Relations ◽  
Local Sustainability ◽  
The Face ◽  
Traditional Sense

This article focuses on how social capital, in the form of trust, reciprocal relations, and networks, has contributed to the sustainability of local communities in Kazakhstan in the face of various political and socioeconomic challenges. Drawing on qualitative data, we provide historical evidence of the persistence of locally derived social capital and investigate the ways in which it contributed to local sustainability in Kazakhstan. We first discuss how people in Kazakhstan have historically built and developed networks, reciprocal relations, and mutual trust under different political and economic institutions, for example, in the form of reciprocal labor aid as part of nomadic culture (e.g., “Asar”) and collective funds (e.g., “Kotel”) during Soviet times. We then offer an in-depth understanding of social capital as a form of insurance for local communities, and how it facilitates socioeconomic interactions in contemporary Kazakh society. This study contributes to the understanding of this traditional sense of trust and communal cooperation, as well as its viability in the context of a market economy.

Regulating Competition in Oil: Government Intervention in the U.S. Refining Industry, 1948-1975

1978 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
James W. McKie ◽  
Walter J. Mead ◽  
E. Anthony Copp
Keyword(s):  
Government Intervention ◽  
Refining Industry ◽  
The U.S

Innovation Drives the Economy—an Old Idea with New Implications

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Popp Berman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Technological Leadership ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

This chapter begins by introducing market-logic experiments undertaken in the mid-1970s. Like earlier efforts, these practices encountered limitations and did not, at the time, look poised to take off. But this time, things would be different, as a new idea started to gain influence in the policy realm. While economists had been looking seriously at the impact of innovation since the 1950s, policymakers' attention to the issue was limited before 1970. A spurt of interest in innovation in the early 1970s fizzled out when the economy rebounded briefly, but as the economy lost steam mid-decade, industry leaders, concerned with indicators suggesting that the United States was losing its technological leadership, began to push the idea that government needed to act to strengthen innovation. In the latter part of the decade, the innovation issue would become politically salient and influential, and would shape a variety of policies meant to strengthen the U.S. economy.

Can Liquidity be a Risk Factor that Predicts Economic Growth?:The U.S. and International Evidence

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Yunsung Eom ◽  
Kuan-Hui Lee ◽  
Shu-Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
International Evidence ◽  
The U.S
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