scholarly journals Ooplasmic round spermatid nuclear injection procedures as an experimental treatment for nonobstructive azoospermia

1997 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Yamanaka ◽  
Nikolaos V. Sofikitis ◽  
Ikuo Miyagawa ◽  
Yasuhisa Yamamoto ◽  
Toshiko Toda ◽  
...  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mancini ◽  
G. Grande ◽  
R. Festa ◽  
E.T.C. Giacchi ◽  
L. De Marinis ◽  
...  

Le tecniche di fecondazione artificiale (PMA) pongono al medico che opera nel campo delle metodiche della riproduzione e al bioeticista notevoli problemi di ordine morale, per la cui risoluzione è necessaria una base scientifica a monte della valutazione etica. Questo studio analizza, dunque, gli aspetti più propriamente scientifici in merito alla Intra Cytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Tale tecnica è oggi quella più usata nei centri di PMA ed ha rivoluzionato l’approccio alla sterilità di coppia. Pur tuttavia essa pone notevoli problemi, sia in merito all’impiego di seme di soggetti infertili sia connessi alla stessa tecnica. Per quanto riguarda i primi, si distinguono aspetti correlati: 1. alla presenza di anomalie citogenetiche parentali e delle cellule spermatiche, onde è stato dimostrato che pazienti infertili ammessi a programmi ICSI hanno un alto tasso di aneuploidie negli spermatozoi, inversamente correlate con i parametri seminali e il numero di forme morfologicamente normali dopo selezione; 2. all’esistenza di microdelezioni del cromosoma Y. Su tale aspetto ci si sofferma, evidenziando il ruolo dei segmenti genici coinvolti, nonché il rischio di trasmissione della microdelezione ai figli concepiti via ICSI. Sono quindi descritte le principali problematiche connesse sia alla tecnica sia all’abilità dell’operatore, evidenziando il carattere di sperimentalità della tecnica in esame. Considerando, poi, i risultati delle procedure ICSI, occorre considerare sia il tasso di fecondazione e l’outcome ostetrico sia il seppur lieve aumento di incidenza di malformazioni ed anomalie citogenetiche. Inoltre, il tentativo di ottenere gravidanze da situazioni maschili sempre più severe, pone il problema di valutare i risultati in rapporto al quadro eziologico di partenza, ma vi sono poche osservazioni in tal senso. In conclusione vengono valutati i nuovi campi di indagine, con particolare riferimento alla round spermatid injection (ROSI), alla round spermatid nuclear injection (ROSNI) ed all’impiego di spermatogoni, fino alle forme di “semi-clonazione”, e gli ulteriori problemi che permangono ancora aperti, quali gli aspetti immunologici o la trasmissibilità dell’infezione da Human Immunodeficency Virus (HIV). ---------- The reproductive technologies (RTs) puts to the physician, involved in the reproductive medicine, and the bioethicist remarkable moral problems; therefore a solid scientific ground is necessary for an ethical evaluation. This study analyses the more properly scientific aspects, particularly related to Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI). Such technique, that is today the more used in the RTs centres, upsets the approach to couple sterility. It places, however, remarkable problems, both about the use of infertile man sperm and about the same technique. As to the first point, we can distinguish aspects connected to the presence of parental citogenetic anomalies and in sperm cells, so it was demonstrated that infertile patients admitted to ICSI programs have a high rate of aneuploidies in the spermatozoa, inversely correlated with the sperm parameters and the number of morphologically normal shapes after selection, and to the existence of micro-deletion of the Y chromosome. About this we meant to stop to us, evidencing the role of the deleted genic segments and the risk of transmission of the microdeletion to sons conceived via ICSI. Then the authors describe the major problems connected to the technique and to the ability of the operator, evidencing the experimentation of this technology. Considering, then, the outcomes of ICSI procedures, it is necessary to consider both the fecondation rate and the obstetrical outcome, and the slight increase of the incidence of malformations and citogenetical anomalies. Moreover, the attempt to obtain pregnancies from more and more severe male situations places the problem to estimate the outcome referred with the etiology, but there are only few observations about it. In conclusion we considered the new perspectives, specially about round spermatid injection (ROSI), round spermatid nuclear injection (ROSNI) and the use of spermatogonia, until “the semi-cloning reproduction” and the other problems still opened, as the immunological aspects or the transmission of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV).


2007 ◽  
Vol 177 (4S) ◽  
pp. 29-30
Author(s):  
Richard Lee ◽  
Mark A. Callahan ◽  
Glen Schattman ◽  
Philip S. Li ◽  
Marc Goldstein ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gretchen F. Wagner ◽  
Emeline Mourocq ◽  
Michael Griesser

Biparental care systems are a valuable model to examine conflict, cooperation, and coordination between unrelated individuals, as the product of the interactions between the parents influences the fitness of both individuals. A common experimental technique for testing coordinated responses to changes in the costs of parental care is to temporarily handicap one parent, inducing a higher cost of providing care. However, dissimilarity in experimental designs of these studies has hindered interspecific comparisons of the patterns of cost distribution between parents and offspring. Here we apply a comparative experimental approach by handicapping a parent at nests of five bird species using the same experimental treatment. In some species, a decrease in care by a handicapped parent was compensated by its partner, while in others the increased costs of care were shunted to the offspring. Parental responses to an increased cost of care primarily depended on the total duration of care that offspring require. However, life history pace (i.e., adult survival and fecundity) did not influence parental decisions when faced with a higher cost of caring. Our study highlights that a greater attention to intergenerational trade-offs is warranted, particularly in species with a large burden of parental care. Moreover, we demonstrate that parental care decisions may be weighed more against physiological workload constraints than against future prospects of reproduction, supporting evidence that avian species may devote comparable amounts of energy into survival, regardless of life history strategy.


Author(s):  
Anita Barišić ◽  
Alena Buretić Tomljanović ◽  
Nada Starčević Čizmarević ◽  
Saša Ostojić ◽  
Pavle Romac ◽  
...  

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