Growth-room and field studies with seed tubers treated with ethylene and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) during storage

K. Pruski; R. K. Prange; B. J. Daniels-Lake; J. Nowak; T. Astatkie; D. H. Ronis

doi:10.1007/bf02872150

Control of Wild Oats in Oats by Barban Plus Antidote

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500038261 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 546-548 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

F. Y. Chang ◽

G. R. Stephenson ◽

G. W. Anderson ◽

J. D. Bandeen

Keyword(s):

Avena Sativa ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Seed Treatment ◽

Field Studies ◽

Cereal Crops ◽

Complete Protection ◽

Naphthalic Anhydride ◽

Wild Oats ◽

Growth Room ◽

Oat Seeds

Growth room and field studies indicated that coating the seeds of oats (Avena sativaL.) with NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride) at rates of 0.5 to 1% by seed weight significantly reduced the phytotoxicity of barban (4-chloro-2-butynylm-chlorocarbanilate) applied to the foliage at rates up to 1.2 kg/ha. Complete protection was obtained when barban was applied at 0.4 kg/ha, the highest rate recommended for the control of wild oats (Avena fatuaL.) in cereal crops. Treatment of oat seeds with this antidote did not reduce the herbicidal effect of barban on wild oats grown in the same soil. Thus, coating oat seeds with the antidote may allow the use of barban for the selective control of wild oats in oat crops. NA seed treatment also slightly reduced oat injury from diallate [S-(2,3-dichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate] and triallate [S-(2,3,3-trichloroallyl)diisopropylthiocarbamate].

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Seedling root length inBrassica napusL. is indicative of seed yield

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2012-070 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (7) ◽

pp. 1229-1237 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

C. B. Koscielny ◽

R. H. Gulden

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Root Length ◽

Field Studies ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Seedling Vigour ◽

Root Parameters ◽

Seedling Root ◽

Growth Room

Koscielny C. B. and Gulden R. H. 2012. Seedling root length in Brassica napus L. is indicative of seed yield. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1229–1237. Recent studies have shown relationships between root growth and development and seed production potential in some crops; however, little is known about this relationship in Brassica napus. Field and growth room experiments were conducted to determine the relationship between root parameters up to the four-leaf stage and seed yield among a group of four open-pollinated and four hybrid B. napus genotypes with different yield potential. In the field studies, root length was the best indicator of seed yield at the one- to two-leaf and the three- to four-leaf stages of development, and was one of the most consistent parameters among sites and years. Poor ability to recover fine roots from field soils at the cotyledon stage contributed to the relatively poor relationships between root parameters and seed yield compared with shoot parameters at this developmental stage. The growth room study clearly showed that root length is an excellent measure of seedling vigour and an indicator of seed yield as early as 7 d after imbibition. These studies demonstrate the importance of early root development in canola and its potential as a screening trait for seed yield in breeding programs.

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Effects of 2,4-D and Ioxynil on Seedling Fescue, Bluegrass, and Bentgrass

Weed Science ◽

10.1017/s0043174500077389 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 77-80 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

R. M. Adamson ◽

R. H. Turley

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Sodium Salt ◽

Poa Pratensis ◽

Field Studies ◽

Festuca Rubra ◽

Seedling Height ◽

Affected Plant ◽

Growth Room ◽

Plant Stand ◽

Dichlorophenoxy Acetic Acid

Effects of the alkanolamine salt of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) and sodium salt of 4-hydroxy-3,5-diiodobenzonitrile (ioxynil) upon seedlings of Chewings fescue (Festuca rubra var. commutata Gaud.), Park bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.), and Highland bentgrass (Agrostis tenuis Sibth.) were evaluated in growth room and field studies. In the former, injury to Park bluegrass from both 1 and 3 lb/A applications of 2,4-D was severe with pronounced but less marked effects on fescue and bentgrass. Results were similar from applications shortly after emergence and after clipping the grass. Negligible injury was caused by 1 lb/A of ioxynil. In the field, ioxynil gave better weed control than 2,4-D when applied at a seedling height of 1 inch. No injury was caused by ioxynil. Although 2,4-D reduced yields from early clippings, there was marked recovery, even at 3 lb/A. No treatments significantly affected plant stand.

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A Non-Hypersensitive Resistance in Pepper to the Bacterial Spot Pathogen Is Associated with Two Recessive Genes

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto.2002.92.3.273 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 92 (3) ◽

pp. 273-277 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

J. B. Jones ◽

G. V. Minsavage ◽

P. D. Roberts ◽

R. R. Johnson ◽

C. S. Kousik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrolyte Leakage ◽

Visual Assessment ◽

Field Studies ◽

Hypersensitive Reaction ◽

Bacterial Spot ◽

Similar Concentration ◽

Hypersensitive Resistance ◽

Growth Room ◽

Recessive Genes ◽

Bacterial Spot Resistance

The pepper genotype, ECW-12346, was developed with bacterial spot resistance derived from Pep13, PI 271322, and ECW123 (Early Calwonder containing Bs1, Bs2, and Bs3 genes). For genetic analysis of this resistance, ECW12346, ECW123, F1, F2, and backcrosses were inoculated with a pepper race 6 (P6) strain. Two recessive genes were identified that determined resistance. The genes are designated bs5 and bs6 for the resistance derived from PI 271322 and Pep13, respectively. In greenhouse and field studies, ECW12346 was highly resistant, whereas ECW123 had significant defoliation. In growth-room studies, electrolyte leakage and population dynamics were determined. Following infiltration of both genotypes with 108 CFU/ml of a P6 strain, there was no rapid increase in electrolyte leakage within 72 h, whereas a rapid increase in electrolyte leakage occurred within 24 h when a similar concentration of a P3 strain (containing the avrBs2 gene) was infiltrated into the intercellular spaces of the leaf. When 105 CFU/ml of a P6 strain was infiltrated into leaves, complete tissue collapse was evident in ECW123 10 days later as determined by visual assessment and electrolyte leakage data, but no confluent necrosis was detected in ECW12346. Internal populations were at least two logarithmic units higher in ECW123 than in ECW12346. Therefore, ECW12346 inhibits population build-up without inducing the typical hypersensitive reaction characterized by an increase in electrolyte leakage.

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Postemergence Weed Control in Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) with Rimsulfuron

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00039452 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 428-435 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Charlotte V. Eberlein ◽

James C. Whitmore ◽

Charles E. Stanger ◽

Mary J. Guttieri

Keyword(s):

Solanum Tuberosum ◽

Weed Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Hairy Nightshade ◽

Seed Tubers ◽

Redroot Pigweed

Greenhouse and field studies were conducted to examine weed control with, and potato tolerance to, rimsulfuron or rimsulfuron + metribuzin applied POST. In greenhouse trials, hairy nightshade control with rimsulfuron applied POST at 9 to 35 g/ha was ≥ 90%, but cutleaf nightshade control was < 30%. In field studies, rimsulfuron at 18 to 35 g/ha provided ≥ 85% control of hairy nightshade, redroot pigweed, tumble pigweed, and shepherd's-purse; 75 to 82% control of volunteer oats; and 25 to 87% control of common lambsquarters. Common lambsquarters control was increased to 92 to 100% when rimsulfuron at 18 to 35 g/ha was applied in combination with metribuzin at 280 g/ha. Hairy nightshade and redroot pigweed control usually were not improved by adding metribuzin to the rimsulfuron spray mixture and tumble pigweed and shepherd's-purse control were improved only slightly. Volunteer oat control with rimsulfuron sometimes was antagonized by the addition of metribuzin to the spray mixture. In weed-free trials, yield of potatoes grown for the fresh market or to produce seed tubers was not reduced by rimsulfuron at rates as high as 70 g/ha.

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Weed Potential of the Forage Legume Aeschynomene (Aeschynomene americana) in Rice (Oryza sativa) and Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Technology ◽

10.1017/s0890037x00025409 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 284-290

Author(s):

Ann M. Thro ◽

Alan T. Wier ◽

F. Gilbert Barker

Keyword(s):

Oryza Sativa ◽

Glycine Max ◽

Chemical Control ◽

Field Studies ◽

Seedling Stage ◽

Control Measures ◽

Forage Legume ◽

Flood Water ◽

Adequate Control ◽

Growth Room

Growth room and field studies were conducted to determine if increasing use of forage aeschynomene may lead to new weed problems in rice and soybeans and to identify possible control measures in these crops. In a growth room study, flooding of ‘Florida Common’ and ‘LSU 1147’ forage aeschynomene did not reduce yield. However, forage aeschynomene seedlings did not emerge from a flooded seedbed, and 1-week-old seedlings were killed by 2.5 or 7.5 cm of flooding. Competition from interseeded forage aeschynomene reduced ‘Centennial’ soybean yields by 81%. Acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen, labeled for soybeans, control forage aeschynomene. Acifluorfen, labeled for rice, may control forage aeschynomene in that crop. Forage aeschynomene might become a weed problem in rice if plants are past the seedling stage when flood water is applied and could cause weed problems in soybeans; but, in most situations, cultural and chemical control practices should provide adequate control.

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FACTORS INFLUENCING 1,8-NAPHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE ACTIVITY AS AN ANTIDOTE TO BARBAN IN OATS

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps80-143 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 1005-1013 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

E. P. THIESSEN ◽

G. R. STEPHENSON ◽

G. W. ANDERSON

Keyword(s):

Avena Sativa ◽

Seed Weight ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Field Studies ◽

Application Rate ◽

High Fertility ◽

Silty Clay ◽

Naphthalic Anhydride ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Growth Room

NA (1,8-naphthalic anhydride), a seed-applied herbicide antidote, significantly reduced barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl-m-chlorocarbanilate) injury to oats (Avena sativa L.) in both growth room and field studies. However, at the application rate of 0.75% by seed weight, recovery from barban injury in oats was incomplete under some conditions. Despite pretreatment with NA, the cultivars Rodney, Garry, or Stormont oats did not recover from postemergence barban applications (0.42 kg/ha) while seven other cultivars recovered completely from barban injury. The effectiveness of NA as a barban antidote was consistent at low, normal, or high fertility levels. At 0.75% by seed weight, NA was highly effective as a barban antidote in oats grown in light sandy soils but was much less effective in silty clay soils. NA phytotoxicity to oats was noted when NA-treated oat seed was stored for long periods of time prior to planting. Much of the variation in preventing barban injury was overcome with formulations or methods that facilitated NA applications to oat seed at rates as high as 1.5% by seed weight.

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