The Relation of Criminal Activity to Black Youth Employment

1987 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Black Male ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Black Youth ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Criminal Deterrence

This article reports on a study which attempts to estimate the extent to which current and previous criminal activity reduces the employment of inner city black male youths from high poverty neighborhoods. The study finds a significant trade-off between employment and crime, with crime associated with a 10 to 12 percent reduction in employment of these youths. The policy implication is that increased criminal deterrence, as well as other programs, has a role to play in efforts to resolve the employment crisis for disadvantaged youths.

Returning Citizens and Point of Entry: Is There a Match?

2021 ◽  
pp. 104438942095643
Author(s):  
Sondra J. Fogel ◽  
Kim M. Lersch ◽  
Daniel Ringhoff ◽  
Jessica M. Grosholz
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Health ◽  
Neighborhood Effects ◽  
Small Body ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Point Of Entry ◽  
Stable Housing ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Returning Citizens

The period after incarceration and the influence of neighborhood effects are gaining interest among scholars as a small body of evidence is illustrating the difficulties returning citizens have obtaining basic services and needs, employment, stable housing, and other social and behavioral health supports in the areas where they are being released. Transitional planning efforts to ensure that returning citizens are prepared to engage in society and have necessary supports are often made. However, returning citizens may be in local communities that do not offer needed supports, such as in areas of high poverty and criminal activity, and low employment options. Findings from this study suggest that more attention is needed to where returning citizens are released following their period of incarceration.

Male Youth Activities and Metropolitan Context

1998 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Holloway
Keyword(s):  
Black Male ◽  
Metropolitan Areas ◽  
White Male ◽  
The United States ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Activity Choices ◽  
The Impact

The research reported here examines the impact of metropolitan location on the activity choices of a sample of black and white male youths living in large metropolitan areas in the United States in 1980. The results of the analysis confirm that similar youths living in different metropolitan areas will make different activity choices. Furthermore, black male youths are found to be substantially more sensitive to metropolitan context than white male youths. The analysis also suggests that black and white disadvantaged youths respond differently to metropolitan context in terms of the trade-offs between activities. Disadvantaged black male youths are highly unlikely to be employed in all metropolitan areas and tend to trade-off staying in school with idleness, whereas disadvantaged white male youths tend to trade-off employment with idleness, depending on the metropolitan area they live in. This research confirms the importance of incorporating geographic context into our theoretical understanding of male youths' behavior. We must also, however, continue to address the implications of race as it shapes the context-dependent labor-market experiences of male youths.

scholarly journals Financial shocks and inflation dynamics

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Angela Abbate ◽  
Sandra Eickmeier ◽  
Esteban Prieto
Keyword(s):  
Financial Crisis ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Vector Autoregressive Model ◽  
Financial Shocks ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Vector Autoregressive ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Dual Mandate

Abstract We assess the effects of financial shocks on inflation, and to what extent financial shocks can account for the “missing disinflation” during the Great Recession. We apply a Bayesian vector autoregressive model to US data and identify financial shocks through a combination of narrative and short-run sign restrictions. Our main finding is that contractionary financial shocks temporarily increase inflation. This result withstands a large battery of robustness checks. Negative financial shocks help therefore to explain why inflation did not drop more sharply in the aftermath of the financial crisis. Our analysis suggests that higher borrowing costs after negative financial shocks can account for the modest decrease in inflation after the financial crisis. A policy implication is that financial shocks act as supply-type shocks, moving output and inflation in opposite directions, thereby worsening the trade-off for a central bank with a dual mandate.

scholarly journals Does Public Service Television Really Give Consumers Less Good Value for Money than the Rest of the Market?

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Barwise
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Implication ◽  
Value For Money ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Public ◽  
Consumer Value ◽  
Consumer Benefits ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Tv Commercial ◽  
Better Than

This chapter explores the assumption that public service television (PST), i.e. BBC TV, commercial public service broadcasters (PSBs), and non-PSBs, offers less consumer value for money than the rest of the market in the UK; that the only continuing rationale for PST rests on citizen concerns. It shows that PST does give citizens public service benefits over and above those provided by the non-PSBs and online-only TV players, and these ‘citizenship’ benefits are highly valued by the public. PST also offers consumers better value for money because the non-PSBs' significantly higher cost per viewer-hour seems unlikely to be compensated for by commensurately higher audience appreciation. The main policy implication is simple: there is no necessary trade-off between citizen and consumer benefits: pound for pound, PST appears to deliver both sets of benefits better than the rest of the market.

Resegregation

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Grundy
Keyword(s):  
High Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Teacher Turnover ◽  
Drug Trade ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Social Fabric ◽  
School Rankings ◽  
City Schools

Shows how the end of busing and the advent of school choice sparked widespread resegregation, particularly in inner-city neighborhoods and outer-ring suburbs. Describes the effects of resegregation on West Charlotte, which was left with a high-poverty population of often-transient students as well as high levels of teacher turnover. Explores the fraying social fabric and the rise of the drug trade in the neighborhoods around the school, and the efforts of teachers, families and students to overcome the resulting challenges. Describes the way West Charlotte students contended with the increasingly harsh judgments directed at inner-city schools, in part because of a new emphasis on school rankings based on standardized tests, and in part because a resurgence of negative racial stereotypes focused on inner-city African Americans. Covers the Leandro lawsuit, in which a federal judge termed the education at Charlotte's high-poverty high schools "academic genocide."

Social Capital and Mental Distress in an Impoverished Community

2002 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Usher Mitchell ◽  
Mark LaGory
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Inner City ◽  
Mental Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Environmental Stressors ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Social Resource ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Bonding Social Capital

According to recent investigations of social capital, this social resource represents a key ingredient in a community’s capacity to respond to environmental challenges and promote change. This article investigates the significance of social capital for the health and well‐being of inner‐city residents using data collected from a sample of household decisionmakers residing in a high‐poverty, racially segregated urban neighborhood in a mid‐sized southern city (N=222). A psychosocial resources model of distress is employed to explore the role of social capital as a critical social resource mediating the impact of poverty‐related economic and environmental stressors on residents’ mental health. Regression analyses show no mediating effect of social capital on the relationships between economic and environmental stressors and mental health. While bridging social capital displays a small inverse relationship with distress, bonding social capital is actually positively related to mental distress. Bonding social capital appears to increase individuals’ levels of mental distress in this impoverished community. On the other hand, a psychological resource, mastery, plays a significant role in mediating the harmful effects of poverty. These findings suggest the need for some modification of recent claims that social capital is a critical resource promoting individual and community well‐being. Apparently, in high‐poverty, high‐minority, inner‐city communities, active participation in the local area comes at some cost to the individual. This article demonstrates the importance of doing further research on the social capital of inner‐city areas.

Neighboring and Community Mobilization in High-Poverty Inner-City Neighborhoods

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Bolland ◽  
Debra Moehle McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Inner City ◽  
Community Mobilization ◽  
High Poverty
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