Characters of special groups

1970 ◽  
pp. 121-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Springer
Keyword(s):  
Special Groups

Creative Methodologies of Da’wah Through Different Phases of a Human’s Life (Metodologi Dakwah Secara Kreatif Mengikut Fasa Kehidupan Manusia)

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-293
Author(s):  
Maulana Akbar Shah @ U Tun Aung
Keyword(s):  
Married Couples ◽  
Special Group ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
New Born ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Pregnant Mothers ◽  
Do So

Abstract In addition to compliance with the five pillars of Islam, Da’wah Islamiyyah is an indispensable act for Muslims who view their life missions as to propagate Islam. The act of da’wah is a mission only undertaken by those who are selected to do so, as Allah SWT said: “You are the best of peoples, taken out for mankind, you enjoin what is right, forbid what is wrong…,” (Al-Qur’an, Al- `Imran, 3:110). The phrase “you are taken out for mankind” is a very clear phrase which refers to a special group. Many du’at propagate Islam through regular procedures. In this contemporary day and age, it would be more successful if creative da’wah methodologies are used to special groups where special talent is required. Examples of these special target groups are individuals such as [1] pregnant mothers, [2] mothers of new born babies, [3] parents of toddlers, [4] parents of children [5] youth, teenagers and adolescents, [6] married couples, [7] elderly or aged individuals and [8] non-Muslims.  They are good targets to promote Islam. Thus, du’at must have special talents and knowledge to do so. In this regard, du’at must be equipped with exceptional knowledge of the target groups to propagate Islam effectively. The present paper attempts to highlight the distinctive natures of the above mentioned categories of individuals and explores how du’at should approach them when he or she encounters them for the purpose of promoting Islam.        Keywords: Call to Islam, Da’wah Islamiyyah, creative da’wah, creative da’ie, enjoin good, forbid evil.   Abstrak Selain mematuhi 5 rukun Islam, dakwah Islamiyyah tidak dapat diasingkan daripada seseorang Muslim yang bermatlamat untuk menyebarkan ajaran Islam. Berdakwah adalah suatu tugas yang hanya dijalankan oleh mereka yang terpilih. Seperti yang diwahyukan oleh Allah SWT “Kamu adalah sebaik-baik umat yang dilahirkan bagi umat manusia, kerana kamu menyuruh berbuat segala perkara yang baik dan melarang daripada segala perkara yang buruk dan keji...” (Al-Quran, Al-Imran, 3:110). Frasa “umat yang dilahirkan bagi umat manusia”  jelas dinyatakan di mana ia merujuk kepada satu golongan yang istimewa. Kebanyakan pendakwah menyebarkan Islam melalui metodologi yang sudah menjadi kebiasaan. Bagaimanapun, pada zaman ini, pendakwahan akan lebih berjaya jika kaedah yang kreatif digunakan kepada beberapa golongan yang tertentu. Antara contoh golongan yang dimaksudkan adalah [1] wanita yang mengandung, [2] ibu kepada bayi yang baru lahir, [3] ibu bapa kepada anak-anak kecil, [4] ibu bapa kepada kanak-kanak, [5] golongan belia dan remaja, [6] pasangan suami isteri, [7] warga emas, dan [8] golongan bukan Islam. Mereka merupakan sasaran yang sempurna untuk mempelajari Islam. Oleh hal demikian, para pendakwah mesti mempunyai bakat yang istimewa dan ilmu yang mencukupi untuk berdakwah. Para pendakwah juga harus memahami kumpulan sasaran dengan menyeluruh supaya penyebaran ajaran Islam akan lebih berkesan. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk menggariskan sifat unik golongan yang dinyatakan di atas dan menerokai bagaimana para pendakwah harus mendekati mereka dengan niat untuk menyebarkan Islam.   Kata Kunci: Panggilan kepada Islam, dakwah Islamiyyah, dakwah kreatif, da’ie kreatif, menyuruh kepada kebaikan, menghalang daripada kejahatan.  

Needs of special groups: children

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELENA GARRALDA
Keyword(s):  
Special Groups

scholarly journals The ‘Burnside Process’ Converges Slowly

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
LESLIE ANN GOLDBERG ◽  
MARK JERRUM
Keyword(s):  
Markov Chain ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Infinite Family ◽  
Combinatorial Structures ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Sampling Problem ◽  
Burnside's Lemma ◽  
Burnside’S Lemma

We consider the problem of sampling ‘unlabelled structures’, i.e., sampling combinatorial structures modulo a group of symmetries. The main tool which has been used for this sampling problem is Burnside’s lemma. In situations where a significant proportion of the structures have no nontrivial symmetries, it is already fairly well understood how to apply this tool. More generally, it is possible to obtain nearly uniform samples by simulating a Markov chain that we call the Burnside process: this is a random walk on a bipartite graph which essentially implements Burnside’s lemma. For this approach to be feasible, the Markov chain ought to be ‘rapidly mixing’, i.e., converge rapidly to equilibrium. The Burnside process was known to be rapidly mixing for some special groups, and it has even been implemented in some computational group theory algorithms. In this paper, we show that the Burnside process is not rapidly mixing in general. In particular, we construct an infinite family of permutation groups for which we show that the mixing time is exponential in the degree of the group.

Synthesis of Self-Checking Combination Devices Based on Allocating Special Groups of Outputs

2018 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1609-1620 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Efanov ◽  
V. V. Sapozhnikov ◽  
Vl. V. Sapozhnikov
Keyword(s):  
Special Groups

scholarly journals Admission profile: towards community based services

1992 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 336-337
Author(s):  
R. S. Augustine ◽  
P. N. Kurian ◽  
A. Michael
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Mentally Handicapped ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
First Contact ◽  
Community Based Services

This audit examined 65 consecutive admissions to a psychiatric hospital in the Irish Midlands over six months. The admissions came from a defined sector with a total population of 39,000. In the year prior to the study major changes in the delivery of psychiatric care in the sector were instituted. These changes included the introduction of admission guidelines and extra resources in the community. The general practitioners who see mental illness at first contact were informed of these changes. Attempts were made by the sector psychiatrist team to screen for appropriateness of admission with regard to the special groups such as alcoholics, the aged and the mentally handicapped.

scholarly journals THE SOVIET MODEL OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE OF THE FATE OF THE NEW ECONOMIC POLICY: THE POLITICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
V.V. Sukhonos
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governance ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
New Economic Policy ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Special Groups ◽  
Election Results ◽  
Soviet Model

The article is devoted to the constitutional and legal issues of local government organizations. The main attention is paid to the Soviet model of local government, which, in the period of the industrialization of the country, focused on the further strengthening of the Soviet state apparatus, the deployment of the so-called “Soviet democracy” and the fight against bureaucratic defects. However, such a situation as a whole was not typical of the Soviet system. That is why the Bolsheviks attempts to attract the poor sections of the rural population. However, success in this direction was caused not so much by the strengthening of the Soviet economy as a whole, but by the opportunity for the rural poor to plunder wealthy peasants, which had developed because of the dictatorship of the proletariat existing in the USSR. Subsequently, the Bolshevik Party raised the issue of organizing special groups of poverty or factions for an open political struggle to attract the middle peoples to the proletariat and to isolate wealthy peasants (the so-called “kulaks”) during the elections to the Soviets, cooperatives, etc. With the onset of socialist reconstruction, there was a need to organize poverty, because it was an important element and the establishment of “Soviet democracy in the countryside.” The Stalin Constitution of 1936 transformed the Soviets. From 1918, they were called the Soviets of Workers’, Peasants’ and Red Army Deputies, and now, with the entry into force of the Stalin Constitution, the Soviets of Workers’ Deputies. This transformation of the Soviets reflected the victory of the socialist system throughout the national economy, radical changes in the class composition of Soviet society, and a new triumph of “socialist democracy”. In addition, the “victory of socialism” in the USSR made possible the transition to universal, equal, and direct suffrage by secret ballot. On December 24 and 29, 1939, citizens of the Soviet Union elected their representatives to the local Soviets of Workers’ Deputies. 99.21 % of the total number of voters took part in the vote. The election results are another testament to the growing influence of the Bolshevik Party on the population of the Soviet Union, which has largely replaced the activities of the Soviets themselves, including the local ones. Holding elections to the regional, regional, district, district, city, village and settlement councils of workers’ deputies completed the restructuring of all state bodies in accordance with the Stalin Constitution and on its basis. With the adoption in 1977 of the last Constitution of the USSR, the councils of workers’ deputies were renamed the councils of people’s deputies. In 1985, the last non-alternative elections were held for 52,041 local councils, and in 1988, their structure became more complicated: there were presidencies organizing the work of regional, regional, autonomous regions, autonomous districts, district, city and rayon in the cities of Soviets. People’s Deputies. Within the framework of the city (city subordination), village, and town councils, this work is carried out directly by the heads of the designated Councils. On December 26, 1990, the Congress of People’s Deputies of the USSR introduced regular amendments to the Constitution of the USSR, which formally abolished the Presidencies, but did not prohibit their existence. On September 5, 1991, the Constitution of 1977 was effectively abolished. Finally, it happened after December 26, 1991, when the USSR actually ceased to exist. Thus, existing in the USSR during the period of socialist reconstruction and subsequent transformations that began with the processes of industrialization and ended as a result of the collapse of the USSR, the model of local government organization remained ineffective due to its actual replacement by the activities of the governing bodies of the ruling Communist Party. Keywords: Local Government; the system of Councils; local Councils; Council of Deputies of the working people; Council of People’s Deputies; Soviet local government.

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