Intragenomic Distribution and Stability of Transposable Elements in Euchromatin and Heterochromatin of Drosophila melanogaster: Elements with Inverted Repeats Bari 1, hobo, and pogo

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Di Franco ◽  
Alessandro Terrinoni ◽  
Patrizio Dimitri ◽  
Nikolaj Junakovic
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Inverted Repeats

Unexpected Stability of mariner Transgenes in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena R Lozovsky ◽  
Dmitry Nurminsky ◽  
Ernst A Wimmer ◽  
Daniel L Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
Exogenous Dna ◽  
Eye Color ◽  
Transformation Vectors

Abstract A number of mariner transformation vectors based on the mauritiana subfamily of transposable elements were introduced into the genome of Drosophila melanogaster and examined for their ability to be mobilized by the mariner transposase. Simple insertion vectors were constructed from single mariner elements into which exogenous DNA ranging in size from 1.3 to 4.5 kb had been inserted; composite vectors were constructed with partial or complete duplications of mariner flanking the exogenous DNA. All of the simple insertion vectors showed levels of somatic and germline excision that were at least 100-fold lower than the baseline level of uninterrupted mariner elements. Although composite vectors with inverted duplications were unable to be mobilized at detectable frequencies, vectors with large direct duplications of mariner could be mobilized. A vector consisting of two virtually complete elements flanking exogenous DNA yielded a frequency of somatic eye-color mosaicism of ~10% and a frequency of germline excision of 0.04%. These values are far smaller than those observed for uninterrupted elements. The results imply that efficient mobilization of mariner in vivo requires the presence and proper spacing of sequences internal to the element as well as the inverted repeats.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Distribution of Transposable Elements in Drosophila melanogaster Test of the Ectopic Recombination Model for Maintenance of Insertion Site Number

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
Christine Hoogland ◽  
Christian Biémont
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Recombination Rate ◽  
Alternative Hypothesis ◽  
Insertion Site ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Site Number

Abstract Data of insertion site localization and site occupancy frequency of P, hobo, I, copia, mdg1, mdg3, 412, 297, and roo transposable elements (TEs) on the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster were extracted from the literature. We show that TE insertion site number per chromosomal division was significantly correlated with the amount of DNA. The insertion site number weighted by DNA content was not correlated with recombination rate for all TEs except hobo, for which a positive correlation was detected. No global tendency emerged in the relationship between TE site occupancy frequency, weighted by DNA content, and recombination rate; a strong negative correlation was, however, found for the 3L arm. A possible dominant deleterious effect of chromosomal rearrangements due to recombination between TE insertions is thus not the main factor explaining the dynamics of TEs, since this hypothesis implies a negative relationship between recombination rate and both TE insertion site number and site occupancy frequency. The alternative hypothesis of selection against deleterious effects of insertional mutations is discussed.

S elements: a family of Tc1-like transposons in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster.

Genetics ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 1425-1438 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Merriman ◽  
C D Grimes ◽  
J Ambroziak ◽  
D A Hackett ◽  
P Skinner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Inverted Repeat ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Drosophila Species ◽  
Insertion Mutation ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Diploid Genome

Abstract The S elements form a diverse family of long-inverted-repeat transposons within the genome of Drosophila melanogaster. These elements vary in size and sequence, the longest consisting of 1736 bp with 234-bp inverted terminal repeats. The longest open reading frame in an intact S element could encode a 345-amino acid polypeptide. This polypeptide is homologous to the transposases of the mariner-Tc1 superfamily of transposable elements. S elements are ubiquitous in D. melanogaster populations and also appear to be present in the genomes of two sibling species; however, they seem to be absent from 17 other Drosophila species that were examined. Within D. melanogaster strains, there are, on average, 37.4 cytologically detectable S elements per diploid genome. These elements are scattered throughout the chromosomes, but several sites in both the euchromatin and beta heterochromatin are consistently occupied. The discovery of an S-element-insertion mutation and a reversion of this mutation indicates that S elements are at least occasionally mobile in the D. melanogaster genome. These elements seem to insert at an AT dinucleotide within a short palindrome and apparently duplicate that dinucleotide upon insertion.

scholarly journals The evolutionary arms race between transposable elements and piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Luo ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yuange Duan ◽  
Xinmin Yao ◽  
Andrew G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Characterization of a Class II Defective Transposon Carrying Two Haloacetate Dehalogenase Genes from Delftia acidovorans Plasmid pUO1

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 2307-2315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Sota ◽  
Masahiro Endo ◽  
Keiji Nitta ◽  
Haruhiko Kawasaki ◽  
Masataka Tsuda
Keyword(s):  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Inverted Repeats ◽  
High Homology ◽  
Terminal Inverted Repeats ◽  
Delftia Acidovorans

ABSTRACT The two haloacetate dehalogenase genes, dehH1 and dehH2, on the 65-kb plasmid pUO1 from Delftia acidovorans strain B were found to be located on transposable elements. The dehH2 gene was carried on an 8.9-kb class I composite transposon (TnHad1) that was flanked by two directly repeated copies of IS1071, IS1071L and IS1071R. The dehH1 gene was also flanked by IS1071L and a truncated version of IS1071 (IS1071N). TnHad1, dehH1, and IS1071N were located on a 15.6-kb class II transposon (TnHad2) whose terminal inverted repeats and res site showed high homology with those of the Tn21-related transposons. TnHad2 was defective in transposition because of its lacking the transposase and resolvase genes. TnHad2 could transpose when the Tn21-encoded transposase and resolvase were supplied in trans. These results demonstrated that Tn Had2 is a defective Tn21-related transposon carrying another class I catabolic transposon.

scholarly journals The distribution of transposable elements within and between chromosomes in a population of Drosophila melanogaster. I. Element frequencies and distribution

1992 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Charlesworth ◽  
Angela Lapid ◽  
Darlene Canada
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Polytene Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome Band ◽  
High Frequencies ◽  
Copy Numbers

SummaryData were collected on the distribution of nine families of transposable elements among second and third chromosomes isolated from a natural population of Drosophila melanogaster, by means of in situ hybridization of element probes to polytene chromosomes. It was found that the copy numbers per chromosome in the distal sections of the chromosome arms followed a Poisson distribution. Elements appeared to be distributed randomly along the distal sections of the chromosome arms. There was no evidence for linkage disequilibrium in the distal sections of the chromosomes, but some significant disequilibrium was detected in proximal regions. There were many significant correlations between different element families with respect to the identity of the sites that were occupied in the sample. There were also significant correlations between families with respect to sites at which elements achieved relatively high frequencies. Element frequencies per chromosome band were generally low in the distal sections, but were higher proximally. These results are discussed in the light of models of the population dynamics of transposable elements. It is concluded that they provide strong evidence for the operation of a force or forces opposing transpositional increase in copy number. The data suggest that the rate of transposition perelement per generation is of the order of 10−4, for the elements included in this study.

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