A Territorial-Driven Approach to Capture the Transformative Momentum of the Social Economy Especially from the Agricultural Cooperatives

In the last few lustrums, the literature has searched for more precise methods to assess the socio-economic importance of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). On that basis, this article offers a new way of assessing the SSE impact, enhancing the understanding of the SSE potential for socio-economic transformation. An evolutionary micro–meso–macro and territorial theoretical framework is developed, utilizing, along with the assistance of a qualitative methodology, studies on the transformation promoted by the SSE on the sugar cane cluster of Veracruz (Mexico). The main results of the article are that the SSE boost beneficiaries, while the protagonists of the transformation cannot be defined a priori, but are rather conformed by transformation vectors promoted by the SSE: their values shared by a wide spectrum of actors, the SSE socio-economic and organizational specificities, and their rooting in the productive system. The fundamental conclusion of the article is the need for a “territorial-driven approach” of the SSE’s impact, compared to the dominant “stakeholder-driven approach”. The main limitations (and suggestions for future studies) are the empirical investigation of a single case, and the need to develop a qualitative and quantitative system of indicators of the transformative drive of SSE.

Peculiarities of the Transformation of Asteraceae Family Species: The Cases of Sunflower and Lettuce

The Asteraceae family is the largest and most diversified family of the Angiosperms, characterized by the presence of numerous clustered inflorescences, which have the appearance of a single compound flower. It is estimated that this family represents around 10% of all flowered species, with a great biodiversity, covering all environments on the planet, except Antarctica. Also, it includes economically important crops, such as lettuce, sunflower, and chrysanthemum; wild flowers; herbs, and several species that produce molecules with pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the biotechnological improvement of this family is limited to a few species and their genetic transformation was achieved later than in other plant families. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a model species in molecular biology and plant biotechnology that has easily adapted to tissue culture, with efficient shoot regeneration from different tissues, organs, cells, and protoplasts. Due to this plasticity, it was possible to obtain transgenic plants tolerant to biotic or abiotic stresses as well as for the production of commercially interesting molecules (molecular farming). These advances, together with the complete sequencing of lettuce genome allowed the rapid adoption of gene editing using the CRISPR system. On the other hand, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a species that for years was considered recalcitrant to in vitro culture. Although this difficulty was overcome and some publications were made on sunflower genetic transformation, until now there is no transgenic variety commercialized or authorized for cultivation. In this article, we review similarities (such as avoiding the utilization of the CaMV35S promoter in transformation vectors) and differences (such as transformation efficiency) in the state of the art of genetic transformation techniques performed in these two species.

ENTERPRISES INVESTMENT ACTIVITY: SOURCES OF RECOVERY

Background. The article examines the essence and main factors influencing the investment activity of economic entities, identifies the main means of stimulating it. The directions of attracting investments by the sectors of Ukraine’s economy are considered. The main transformation vectors of the state mechanism of investment processes mana­gement in Ukraine are singled out. The aim of the article is to determine the prerequisites and reserves for increasing investment activity of economic entities of Ukraine, its means in a multi-vector environment based on the study of the state, recovery sources in modern conditions of the investment process analysis of state initiatives to change the paradigm of the influence mechanism on the formation of a new phase of the investment cycle. Materials and methods. General scientific methods such as methods of logical generalization, abstraction and formalization, synthesis and analysis, induction, analogies, etc., were used in this paper. Results. Ukraine does not have a stable system of motivation and stimulation of investment supply, which does not completely launch the national investment market, and in the presence of a high demand level for them, the investment mechanism has not been developed and even has braking nature. Analysts consider that the statistical reflection system of economic processes needs radically restructuring, which significantly affects the quality of their diagnosis, development of forecasts, investment proposals, and justification of the parameters of their implementation. The attracting policy of foreign investment at least at the level of foreign direct investment is not systematic. The investment climate is improving in Ukraine, so it is necessary to revise the list of business profiles of the enter­prises that may receive state support for their investment initiatives. Conclusion. The systematic reform of state mechanisms for managing investment processes is based on the formation of investment behavior of all participants according to modern world models, their activation in new coordinates of sources of investment needs, and tools to meet it. It is necessary prerequisite for increasing investment activity of eco­nomic entities in Ukraine. According to the latest publications of government developments over a long period, a new paradigm of managing country economic development is beingformed in Ukraine, where the introduction of investment activity of all participants is given a fundamental role. Keywords: investment activity, investment resources, investment cycle, business climate, competitive advantages.

TRANSFORMATION VECTORS OF LEGAL REGULATION IN THE FIELD OF ENERGY USE OF WASTE

The present article examines the problem of transformation of legal regulation in the field of energy use of waste taking into account both external and internal factors of influence. The main purpose of the article is to specify the vectors of this transformation. One of the vectors is the strengthening of energy specialization of the waste legislation. Within the framework of this issue, the innovations proposed by the draft Law of Ukraine on waste from 04.06.2020 are being considered. Special attention is given to such innovations as waste hierarchy, requirements for incineration and co-incineration of waste, as well as criterion of energy efficiency for incineration facilities. The place of particular energy operation with waste in the waste hierarchy depends on its environmental, resource-saving, energy efficient and other characteristics. The problems of legal regulation in the field of the management of waste from extractive industries with a high energy value are also studied. Another important transformation vector of legal regulation in the field of energy use of waste is a more complete reflection of waste specificity in the energy legislation. The analysis of the laws of Ukraine “On Alternative Energy Sources” and “On Alternative Fuels” shows that the specificity of waste as an energy source is not fully reflected in them. There are new approaches of the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources to the regulation of relations in the field of waste as a type of biomass. It is advisable to apply some of these approaches in Ukraine. It is noted that the development of legal regulation along these vectors will contribute to the harmonization of goals of the waste legislation and the energy legislation.

State and law: transformation vectors in modern conditions

Contemporaneity represents an epoch of qualitative changes in social life, which creates due grounds for different scenarios of development of the state and law. The concern for the prospects of state/legal organisation of the society has placed the problem of transformation of the state and law in the centre of scientific conceptualisation, made it a subject of heated debate and accounted for the creation of annalistic history. The authors of the article take part in the polylogue on the given subject by formulating their position on the future of the cultural phenomena – the state and the law. The philosophical/legal research is based on the recognition of the fact that the global scientific revolution has in fact become a reality, and there are due grounds for the formation of the post-classical legal science. The complexity and multidimensionality of the subject of the research – the prospects of transformation of a nation state and law in the conditions of contemporaneity – required a resort to interdisciplinary methodology. The accomplished research largely relied on the anthropocentric approach that allowed the authors to focus on a human being and its consciousness, considering that the latter has an ability to adapt to the challenges of globalisation and the development of digital technologies. As a result of the research, the authors came to the conclusion that the modern state is transforming and acquiring new characteristics under the powerful influence of globalisation processes. The claims of scholars who presume that the state will wither in the foreseeable stage of human development were subjected to criticism. The authors believe that the state continues to be the core of social organisation and adapts to the challenges and threats of the modern time by acquiring new characteristics. Transformation takes place as well in the sphere of legal regulation. The law is comprehended not just as a set of norms or daily activity of people aimed to realise these norms. The law is realised to construct the reality; at the same time the law as such becomes an object of influence of social transformation processes following which the content, forms, legal systems, as well as the mechanisms of law development and law enforcement, undergo changes. An important component of changes is transformation of the philosophical core of law reflecting the processes of change in the paradigm of values.

A highly efficient protocol for transforming Cuscuta reflexa based on artificially induced infection sites

ABSTRACTA current bottleneck in the functional analysis of the emerging parasitic model plant Cuscuta and the exploitation of its recently sequenced genomes is the lack of efficient transformation tools. Here, we describe the development of a novel highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocol for Cuscuta reflexa based on the parasitic structure referred to as adhesive disk. Both, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens carrying binary transformation vectors with reporter fluorochromes yielded high numbers of transformation events. An overwhelming majority of transformed cells were observed in the cell layer below the adhesive disk’s epidermis, suggesting that these cells are particularly susceptible to infection. Co-transformation of these cells happens frequently when Agrobacterium strains carrying different constructs are applied together. Explants containing transformed tissue expressed the fluorescent markers in in vitro culture for several weeks, offering a possibility for development of transformed cells into callus.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYA protocol that yields high numbers of transformed cells in the adhesive disks of Cuscuta reflexa upon exposure to agrobacteria brings closer the vision of generating genetically modified Cuscuta.

Vector Generation of Reflection and Shearing of 2D Objects: Sequencing in Column Major and Row Major Pattern

Transformations are the best and effective techniques of producing changed objects in terms of Displacement, Enlargements and Orientations. In other words the Transformation are the most challenging way of shifting or changing the dimensions and orientations of images in the most effective way.But This modifying and repositikoning of the existing images is calculated by a standard convention of Matrix Calculations.The usual practice of doing so is straight forward. The transformed object can be obtained by coupling (Matrix Multiplication) original object Matrix with the transformation vectors. The main challenge is how to evaluate it. The usual practice is standard Column Major Pattern. The alternative Row Major Pattern is also known approach but what matters is the sequence of operations that make these both approaches worth mentioning.Visualization can be enhanced if either of the approach is adopted. But what makes it more exciting is the calculations that come with both of these approaches. A normal practice is to use the standard Column Major Pattern for processing objects .An Alternative to this Technique is Row Major Pattern which equates to the same result only if sequence of operations are not compromised. This paper describes the transformation (Reflection and Shearing) in both Column and Row Major Pattern and at the same time aims in putting down clear semantics in justifying the sequence of operations.

2D Transformations Analyzed by Both Column Vector and Row Vector Synthesis

The 2D aspects of Computer Graphics such as vector primitives and 2D transformations are important in creating 2D content. The Transformation are the effective means of shifting or changing the dimensions and orientations of images in the most effective way. If we fail to transform the object in terms of displacement ,enlargement, orientation, we may land up in creating something that is distorted and processessing a distorted object is not acceptable The usual practice of defining transformations is straight forward. The transformed object can be obtained by coupling original object with the transformation vectors .The main challenge is how to evaluate it. The usual practice is standard Column Vector form. The alternative Row Vector Form is also known approach but what matters is the sequence of operations that make these both approaches worth mentionin .While doing so our analysis on 2D content keeps our knowledge flawless and takes it a step further as far as Image Processing is concerned. Such analytical study is very vital since most of the content created, acquired, reproduced, and visualized in 2D needs to be mapped on to 3D.This paper describes the transformations(Translation,Scaling and Rotation) in the both Column and Row Vectar Approach. This paper aims in providing a clear sequence of calculations which differ in both approaches

Institute of touch to crime (comparative transformation vectors)

The author, having chosen as the object of comparative research the norms of criminal codes of the country of Commonwealth of Independent States, of similar legal traditions to Russia, announces different models of constructing the institute of touch of crime. For example, the article draws attention to the trends: preservation of the traditional in criminal law triad of acts to touched — concealment, failure to report to crime and connivance (in Belarus and Uzbekistan); narrowing the species composition of the institute of touch to crime (in Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan); introduction of liability for new crimes committed by concealment predicate offences (in Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan).