scholarly journals Immigration, work and health in Spain: the influence of legal status and employment contract on reported health indicators

2010 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Sousa ◽  
◽  
Andrés Agudelo-Suárez ◽  
Fernando G. Benavides ◽  
Marc Schenker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Work And Health

scholarly journals Health, wellbeing and access to care of undocumented migrants in Geneva, Switzerland

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y Jackson ◽  
L Consoli ◽  
A Duvoisin ◽  
J Fakhoury ◽  
G Ferro-Luzzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Excellent Health ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Switzerland hosts 50’000 to 100’000 undocumented migrants but hardly any evidence exist about their health and wellbeing. A pilot regularization policy took place in Geneva (2017-2018). Methods Parchemins is a mixed-methods prospective study assessing the impact of legal status regularization on undocumented migrants’ health and wellbeing. The quantitative data collection uses yearly face-to-face health questionnaire. Wellbeing is measured by self-reported satisfaction with life on a 10-point Likert scale. We present the results of the first wave of data collection conducted before regularization. Results Participants were mainly women (71.9%) from Latin America (63.2%), aged 44.2 (SD 10.4) years, with secondary or higher education (77.3%), living in Geneva with a partner (47.6%) and minor children (22.3%) for an average of 11.8 (SD 5.4) years. While 82.2% reported good to excellent health, 54% presented overweight or obesity and 21% suffered 3 or more chronic conditions. Self-reported prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes were 17.6%, 7.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Screening for depression and anxiety using PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales was positive in 45.2% and 35.9% of participants. Only 29.9% had a health insurance. In the previous year, 74.8% had at least one medical consultation and 30.4% consulted in emergency but 27% had renounced to seek care for economic reasons. Overall, 97.3% were exposed to health hazards at the workplace and 5.9% suffered an accident leading to work interruption in the last 6 months. Overall, life satisfaction level amounted to 7.4 (SD 2.2) out of 10. Conclusions The baseline results show a contrast between good self-reported health and fair wellbeing with frequent comorbid health conditions notably of mental origin, exposure to occupational hazards and economic limitations in the ability to respond to one’s health care needs. Next study waves will shade light on the public health and clinical impact of regularization. Key messages Legal status may act as a key determinant of health therefore regularization is likely to produce significant health effects. Undocumented migrants good wellbeing and self-reported health contrasts with high morbidity notably of mental origin.

The influence of various measures of health on different types of political participation

Politics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 480-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Stockemer ◽  
Carolin Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
European Social Survey ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Political Behaviour ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
The Relationship

Recent research in political behaviour suggests that poor health can be an impediment for individuals to vote. At the same time, researchers argue that health may both hinder and reinforce other forms of political participation. With respect to these ambiguous expectations, our study asks: does the relationship between health and political involvement depend on how we measure health? We answer this question for two of the most widely used health indicators, self-reported health and being hampered by illness in daily activities. We use the European Social Survey (ESS) (N = 35,000) covering 20 European countries and find that the measurement of health indeed matters: our results illustrate that bad self-reported health is an impediment to voting, but not to other forms of political activity. When it comes to our second indicator, being hampered in daily activities, we also find a negative relationship with voting. Yet, our results also indicate that most individuals, who are hampered by illness in their daily lives, have a tendency to participate more regularly in most other forms of political activity, including boycotting, contacting a politician, or signing a petition. Robustness checks including waves 1–6 of the ESS support these findings.

scholarly journals Health impact of objective burden, subjective burden and positive aspects of caregiving: an observational study among caregivers in Switzerland

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. e017369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Fekete ◽  
Hannah Tough ◽  
Johannes Siegrist ◽  
Martin WG Brinkhof
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Subjective Burden ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Reported Health ◽  
Positive Aspects Of Caregiving ◽  
Objective Burden ◽  
Subjective Caregiver Burden

ObjectiveTo investigate associations of objective caregiver burden, subjective caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving with self-reported health indicators in caregiving partners of persons with a severe physical disability (spinal cord injury).DesignCross-sectional, observational.SettingCommunity, Switzerland.ParticipantsCaregiving partners of persons with spinal cord injury (n=118, response rate 19.7%).Outcome measuresGeneral health, role limitations due to physical health, role limitations due to mental health, pain intensity, mental health and vitality were assessed using items from the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Three items were used to assess the frequency of different types of sleep problems.ResultsSubjective caregiver burden was associated to all self-reported health indicators. A high subjective burden was linked to poorer general health (OR 6.5, 95% CI 2.0 to 21.5), more role limitations due to physical health (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.4 to 12.8), more role limitations due to mental health (OR 3.6, 95 % CI 1.1 to 11.7), higher pain intensity (OR 4.0, 95% CI 1.4 to 11.5), poorer mental health (coefficient −17.9, 95% CI −24.5 to −11.2), lower vitality (coefficient −20.3, 95% CI −28.4 to −12.1), and more frequent sleep problems (OR 5.3, 95% CI 1.6 to 18.4). Partners who indicated positive aspects of caregiving further reported better mental health (coefficient 6.5, 95% CI 0.2 to 12.8). Objective burden was not related to any health indicator.ConclusionsSubjective burden and lack of positive aspects of caregiving were associated with poorer physical and mental health. Caregiver health may be promoted through the strengthening of psychological and psychosocial resources.

LEGAL STATUS OF WORKERS UNDER DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF REPUBLIC OF POLAND ON THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT 1928

2021 ◽  
Vol specjalny II (XXI) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Maria Bosak-Sojka
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Specific Group ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Employment Agreement

The study was devoted to the regulations contained in one of the first Polish regulations aimed at standardizing the employment of a specific group of employees. On the basis of the conducted analysis, it was possible to indicate the specificity related to the legal status of workers employed on the basis of an employment contract.

scholarly journals A comprehensive multivariate model of biopsychosocial factors associated with opioid misuse and use disorder in a 2017-2018 United States national survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alejandro Montiel Ishino ◽  
Philip R. McNab ◽  
Tamika Gilreath ◽  
Bonita Salmeron ◽  
Faustine Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Few studies have comprehensively and contextually examined the relationship of variables associated with opioid use. Our purpose was to fill a critical gap in comprehensive risk models of opioid misuse and use disorder in the United States by identifying the most salient predictors.Methods: A multivariate logistic regression was used on the 2017 and 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which included all 50 states and the District of Columbia of the United States. The sample included all noninstitutionalized civilian adults aged 18 and older (N=85,580; weighted N=248,008,986). The outcome of opioid misuse and/or use disorder was based on reported prescription pain reliever and/or heroin use dependence, abuse, or misuse. Biopsychosocial predictors of opioid misuse and use disorder in addition to sociodemographic characteristics and other substance dependence or abuse were examined in our comprehensive model. Biopsychosocial characteristics included socioecological and health indicators. Criminality was the socioecological indicator. Health indicators included self-reported health, private health insurance, psychological distress, and suicidality. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, sexual identity, education, residence, income, and employment status. Substance dependence or abuse included both licit and illicit substances (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, methamphetamine, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives).Results. The comprehensive model found that criminality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.98-3.37, p<0.001), self-reported health (i.e., excellent compared to fair/poor [AOR=3.71, 95%CI=2.19-6.29, p<0.001], good [AOR=3.43, 95%CI=2.20-5.34, p<0.001], and very good [AOR=2.75, 95%CI=1.90-3.98, p<0.001]), no private health insurance (AOR=2.12, 95%CI=1.55-2.89, p<0.001), serious psychological distress (AOR=2.12, 95%CI=1.55-2.89, p<0.001), suicidality (AOR=1.58, 95%CI=1.17-2.14, p=0.004), and other substance dependence or abuse were significant predictors of opioid misuse and/or use disorder. Substances associated were nicotine (AOR=3.01, 95%CI=2.30-3.93, p<0.001), alcohol (AOR=1.40, 95%CI=1.02-1.92, p=0.038), marijuana (AOR=2.24, 95%CI=1.40-3.58, p=0.001), cocaine (AOR=3.92, 95%CI=2.14-7.17, p<0.001), methamphetamine (AOR=3.32, 95%CI=1.96-5.64, p<0.001), tranquilizers (AOR=16.72, 95%CI=9.75-28.65, p<0.001), and stimulants (AOR=2.45, 95%CI=1.03-5.87, p=0.044). Conclusions. Biopsychosocial characteristics such as socioecological and health indicators, as well as other substance dependence or abuse were stronger predictors of opioid misuse and use disorder than sociodemographic characteristics.

scholarly journals A comprehensive multivariate model of biopsychosocial factors associated with opioid misuse and use disorder in a 2017-2018 United States national survey

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Alejandro Montiel Ishino ◽  
Philip R. McNab ◽  
Tamika Gilreath ◽  
Bonita Salmeron ◽  
Faustine Williams
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Substance Dependence ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Reported Health

Abstract Background: Few studies have comprehensively and contextually examined the relationship of variables associated with opioid use. Our purpose was to fill a critical gap in comprehensive risk models of opioid misuse and use disorder in the United States by identifying the most salient predictors.Methods: A multivariate logistic regression was used on the 2017 and 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health, which included all 50 states and the District of Columbia of the United States. The sample included all noninstitutionalized civilian adults aged 18 and older (N=85,580; weighted N=248,008,986). The outcome of opioid misuse and/or use disorder was based on reported prescription pain reliever and/or heroin use dependence, abuse, or misuse. Biopsychosocial predictors of opioid misuse and use disorder in addition to sociodemographic characteristics and other substance dependence or abuse were examined in our comprehensive model. Biopsychosocial characteristics included socioecological and health indicators. Criminality was the socioecological indicator. Health indicators included self-reported health, private health insurance, psychological distress, and suicidality. Sociodemographic variables included age, sex/gender, race/ethnicity, sexual identity, education, residence, income, and employment status. Substance dependence or abuse included both licit and illicit substances (i.e., nicotine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, inhalants, methamphetamine, tranquilizers, stimulants, sedatives). Results. The comprehensive model found that criminality (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=2.58, 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.98-3.37, p<0.001), self-reported health (i.e., excellent compared to fair/poor [AOR=3.71, 95%CI=2.19-6.29, p<0.001], good [AOR=3.43, 95%CI=2.20-5.34, p<0.001], and very good [AOR=2.75, 95%CI=1.90-3.98, p<0.001]), no private health insurance (AOR=2.12, 95%CI=1.55-2.89, p<0.001), serious psychological distress (AOR=2.12, 95%CI=1.55-2.89, p<0.001), suicidality (AOR=1.58, 95%CI=1.17-2.14, p=0.004), and other substance dependence or abuse were significant predictors of opioid misuse and/or use disorder. Substances associated were nicotine (AOR=3.01, 95%CI=2.30-3.93, p<0.001), alcohol (AOR=1.40, 95%CI=1.02-1.92, p=0.038), marijuana (AOR=2.24, 95%CI=1.40-3.58, p=0.001), cocaine (AOR=3.92, 95%CI=2.14-7.17, p<0.001), methamphetamine (AOR=3.32, 95%CI=1.96-5.64, p<0.001), tranquilizers (AOR=16.72, 95%CI=9.75-28.65, p<0.001), and stimulants (AOR=2.45, 95%CI=1.03-5.87, p=0.044). Conclusions. Biopsychosocial characteristics such as socioecological and health indicators, as well as other substance dependence or abuse were stronger predictors of opioid misuse and use disorder than sociodemographic characteristics.

4. Alternative Personal Work Contracts and Relations

2020 ◽  
pp. 103-142
Author(s):  
David Cabrelli
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Contract Of Employment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
Work Contracts

This chapter first examines the two statutory constructs occupying an intermediate position between the employment contract and contract for services that have been formulated by the UK Parliament as a repository for the conferral of certain statutory employment rights. These two statutorily recognized personal work contracts—the ‘worker’ contract and the ‘contract personally to do work’—are intermediate contract types, lying somewhere between the contract of employment and the contract for services. The discussion here is situated within the context of the controversy surrounding the growing numbers of atypical working contracts, such as contracts entered into by ‘gig economy’ workers, ‘zero-hours’ workers, casual workers, etc. The chapter then turns to address the legal status of agency workers. It examines whether the Agency Workers Regulations 2010 address the disadvantages experienced by this section of the UK workforce.

4. Alternative Personal Work Contracts and Relations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cabrelli
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Gig Economy ◽  
Contract Of Employment ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Employment Rights ◽  
Work Contracts

This chapter first examines the two statutory constructs occupying an intermediate position between the employment contract and contract for services that have been formulated by the UK Parliament as a repository for the conferral of certain statutory employment rights. These two statutorily recognized personal work contracts—the ‘worker’ contract and the ‘contract personally to do work’—are intermediate contract types, lying somewhere between the contract of employment and the contract for services. The discussion here is situated within the context of the controversy surrounding the growing numbers of atypical working contracts, such as contracts entered into by ‘gig economy’ workers, ‘zero-hours’ workers, casual workers, etc. The chapter then turns to address the legal status of agency workers. It examines whether the Agency Workers Regulations 2010 address the disadvantages experienced by this section of the UK workforce.

Obstetric violence criminalised in Mexico: a comparative analysis of hospital complaints filed with the Medical Arbitration Commission

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Calvo Aguilar ◽  
Marta Torres Falcón ◽  
Rosario Valdez Santiago
Keyword(s):  
Health Personnel ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Reproductive Rights ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Disrespect And Abuse ◽  
Obstetric Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Poor Health Care

IntroductionDisrespect and abuse during childbirth have been reported by numerous countries around the world. One of their principal manifestations is the performance of invasive or surgical procedures without the informed consent of women. Non-dignified treatment is the second most common form of this conduct. Five Mexican states have classified obstetric violence as a crime: Aguascalientes, Chiapas, Guerrero, the State of Mexico and Veracruz. The others have not yet done so although it is provided for in their civil and administrative regulations.ObjectiveTo analyse whether criminalising obstetric violence has been conducive to the recognition and observance of the reproductive rights of women, based on the records of poor health care complaints filed by women with the Medical Arbitration Commissions (CAMs by their Spanish initials) in two Mexican states.Materials and methodsWe conducted an observational qualitative study using a phenomenological approach. Analysis included two states with similar partner demographic and maternal health indicators but different legal classifications of obstetric violence: the Chiapas has criminalized this form of violence while Oaxaca has not. We reviewed the records of obstetric care complaints filed with CAMs in both states from 2011 to 2015, all of them concluded and including full information.ResultsDifferences were observed regarding the contents of complaints, specifically in the categories of abuse, discrimination and neglect during childbirth. The narratives in the other complaint categories were similar between states.ConclusionAfter analysing the records of malpractice complaints in Chiapas and Oaxaca, we conclude that the differentiated legal status of obstetric violence has not influenced recognition or observance of the reproductive rights of women. Criminalising obstetric violence has not improved care provided by health personnel.

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