Conserved male-specific cuticular hydrocarbon patterns in the trap-jaw ant Odontomachus brunneus

Chemoecology ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Smith ◽  
Whitney Vanderpool ◽  
Jocelyn G. Millar ◽  
Lawrence M. Hanks ◽  
Andrew V. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Odontomachus Brunneus ◽  
Male Specific

scholarly journals A social insect fertility signal is dependent on chemical context

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 20140947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Smith ◽  
Jocelyn G. Millar ◽  
Andrew V. Suarez
Keyword(s):  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon ◽  
Fertility Signal ◽  
Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profile ◽  
Fertility Signals ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Chemical Background ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Odontomachus Brunneus ◽  
Effect Experiment

Identifying group members and individuals' status within a group are fundamental tasks in animal societies. For ants, this information is coded in the cuticular hydrocarbon profile. We manipulated profiles of the ant Odontomachus brunneus to examine whether the releaser and primer effects of fertility signals are dependent on chemical context. Fertility status is signalled through increased abundance of ( Z )-9-nonacosene ( Z 9 : C 29 ). Across the ant's distribution, populations have distinct hydrocarbon profiles but the fertility signal is conserved. Foreign queens and fertility-signal-treated workers from the same population, sharing a similar chemical background, elicited releaser effects from workers, whereas queens and fertility-signal-treated workers from different populations did not. Z 9 : C 29 presented without chemical background did not elicit releaser effects. A primer-effect experiment found that Z 9 : C 29 , presented without a chemical background, did not inhibit worker reproduction. Our results demonstrate that a familiar chemical background is necessary for appropriate responses to fertility signals.

The Occurrence of Male-Specific and Somatic Bacteriophages in Polluted South African Waters

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kfir ◽  
P. Coubrough ◽  
W. O. K. Grabow
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Environmental Water Samples ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Male Specific

The occurrence of somatic (F') and male-specific (F') coliphages and Salmonella phages in a variety of environmental water samples was studied using different bacterial hosts. The number of plaque-forming units (pfu) of the different bacteriophages were compared and their resistance pattern to a biological treatment (humus tank) and chlorination was evaluated. The presence of the bacteriophages in shellfish was also studied. The morphology of isolate bacteriophages was examined as well as the visibility of the different plaques formed. Coliphages were found to produce larger and clearer plaques than all other bacteriophages studied. In most of the environmental water samples coliphages outnumbered all other bacteriophages, with the exception of dam water in which higher levels of F' Salmonella phages were detected. The majority of the F' Salmonella phages were shown to be RNA bacteriophages.

scholarly journals Leukocytes with chromosome Y loss have reduced abundance of the cell surface immunoprotein CD99

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Mattisson ◽  
Marcus Danielsson ◽  
Maria Hammond ◽  
Hanna Davies ◽  
Caroline J. Gallant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Single Cells ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Blood Leukocytes ◽  
Chromosome Y ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Pseudoautosomal Regions ◽  
Male Specific

AbstractMosaic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) in immune cells is a male-specific mutation associated with increased risk for morbidity and mortality. The CD99 gene, positioned in the pseudoautosomal regions of chromosomes X and Y, encodes a cell surface protein essential for several key properties of leukocytes and immune system functions. Here we used CITE-seq for simultaneous quantification of CD99 derived mRNA and cell surface CD99 protein abundance in relation to LOY in single cells. The abundance of CD99 molecules was lower on the surfaces of LOY cells compared with cells without this aneuploidy in all six types of leukocytes studied, while the abundance of CD proteins encoded by genes located on autosomal chromosomes were independent from LOY. These results connect LOY in single cells with immune related cellular properties at the protein level, providing mechanistic insight regarding disease vulnerability in men affected with mosaic chromosome Y loss in blood leukocytes.

scholarly journals Probing the floral developmental stages, bisexuality and sex reversions in castor (Ricinus communis L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujatha Thankeswaran Parvathy ◽  
Amala Joseph Prabakaran ◽  
Thadakamalla Jayakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Sex Expression ◽  
Pistil Abortion ◽  
Ricinus Communis L ◽  
Sex Reversion ◽  
Stage 4 ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
First Time

AbstractCastor (Ricinus communis L) is an ideal model species for sex mechanism studies in monoecious angiosperms, due to wide variations in sex expression. Sex reversion to monoecy in pistillate lines, along with labile sex expression, negatively influences hybrid seed purity. The study focuses on understanding the mechanisms of unisexual flower development, sex reversions and sex variations in castor, using various genotypes with distinct sex expression pattern. Male and female flowers had 8 and 12 developmental stages respectively, were morphologically similar till stage 4, with an intermediate bisexual state and were intermediate between type 1 and type 2 flowers. Pistil abortion was earlier than stamen inhibition. Sex alterations occurred at floral and inflorescence level. While sex-reversion was unidirectional towards maleness via bisexual stage, at high day temperatures (Tmax > 38 °C), femaleness was restored with subsequent drop in temperatures. Temperature existing for 2–3 weeks during floral meristem development, influences sexuality of the flower. We report for first time that unisexuality is preceded by bisexuality in castor flowers which alters with genotype and temperature, and sex reversions as well as high sexual polymorphisms in castor are due to alterations in floral developmental pathways. Differentially expressed (male-abundant or male-specific) genes Short chain dehydrogenase reductase 2a (SDR) and WUSCHEL are possibly involved in sex determination of castor.

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