Classification of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock: the impact of minor variations in data capture and definition of SIRS criteria

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 811-819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. C. Klein Klouwenberg ◽  
David S. Y. Ong ◽  
Marc J. M. Bonten ◽  
Olaf L. Cremer
Author(s):  
Anwer Habib ◽  
Razi Ahmad

Background: Despite significant advances in critical care, mortality and morbidity in severe sepsis and septic shock remain high, this may be explained by the fact that in sepsis bacterial infection triggers the innate immune response, setting in motion a cascade of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines leading to what we recognize as the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). It has been thought that this self-propagating cascade drives the progression to severe sepsis and septic shock with increasing degrees of cellular injury and end-organ dysfunction, therefor early initiation of empirical antimicrobial agent is crucial and life-saving atleast in high risk patient. This study aimed to see the outcome (recover or mortality) of patients diagnosed by using SIRS criteria.Methods: Total of 105 patients of suspected sepsis fulfilling SIRS criteria (SIRS ≥2), were included in study. Study population were administered appropriate empirical antimicrobial depending on the source of infection and followed till the final outcome (complete recovery or death).Results: Out of 105 patients included in study based on SIRS criteria, 87 (82.85%) were confirmed to be having septicemia on further evaluation. In majority of patient primary source of infection were respiratory tract (44.76%) and most commonly employed and effective empirical antimicrobial were a combination piperacillin with tazobactum and amikacin (40%). 92.39% patients recovered with empirical antimicrobial, with total in-hospital mortality rate of 7.61%.Conclusions: Early initiation of appropriate antimicrobial by using SIRS as an indicator for the early diagnosis of septicemia is crucial in the management of septicemia and prevention of development of severe sepsis, septic shock.


Clinics ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávio G. R. Freitas ◽  
Reinaldo Salomão ◽  
Nathalia Tereran ◽  
Bruno Franco Mazza ◽  
Murillo Assunção ◽  
...  

CHEST Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 148 (4) ◽  
pp. 349A
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osman ◽  
Souad Enakuaa ◽  
Jane Ramos ◽  
Kim Kresevic ◽  
Iris Rukshin ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 1907-1915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah A. Sterling ◽  
W. Ryan Miller ◽  
Jason Pryor ◽  
Michael A. Puskarich ◽  
Alan E. Jones

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 485-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Miller ◽  
Bruce A. Doepker ◽  
Andrew N. Springer ◽  
Matthew C. Exline ◽  
Gary Phillips ◽  
...  

Background: Hypo- and hyperphosphatemia are common in severe sepsis and septic shock. Published outcome data in patients with phosphate derangements primarily focus on hypophosphatemia and the general critically ill population. This study aimed to determine the impact of serum phosphate on clinical outcomes in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis of adult mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis or septic shock was performed. Patients were randomly selected from an internal intensive care unit (ICU) database at an academic medical center in the United States and screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Time-weighted phosphate was calculated using all phosphate measurements obtained during ICU admission. The associations between time-weighted phosphate and duration of mechanical ventilation, 28-day mortality, and ICU and hospital length of stay were evaluated using linear or logistic regression as appropriate. Results: One-hundred ninety-seven patients were evaluated: 33 were categorized as hypophosphatemia, 123 as normophosphatemia, and 41 as hyperphosphatemia. Patients with time-weighted hyperphosphatemia had a higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score III score and incidence of septic shock. Significantly higher rates of 28-day mortality were observed among those with time-weighted phosphate levels above 3.5 mg/dL. However, both time-weighted hypo- and hyperphosphatemia were associated with decreased duration of mechanical ventilation. For every 0.5 mg/dL increase in time-weighted phosphate referent values from 4.0 to 6.0, the duration of mechanical ventilation decreased by 8% to 26%. For every 0.5 mg/dL decrease in time-weighted phosphate referent values from 3.0 to 1.0, significant decreases in duration of mechanical ventilation ranged from 14% to 41%. Conclusion: Time-weighted hyperphosphatemia may be associated with increased mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. However, time-weighted hypo- and hyperphosphatemia were associated with decreased duration of mechanical ventilation. Future studies should further describe the impact of hypo- and hyperphosphatemia on clinical outcomes among critically ill patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Alroumi ◽  
Ahmed Abdul Azim ◽  
Rachel Kergo ◽  
Yuxiu Lei ◽  
James Dargin

2019 ◽  
pp. 001857871988902
Author(s):  
Jana L. Randolph ◽  
Kin Chan ◽  
Amanda Albright ◽  
Aleda Chen

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of significant delays in administration of the second antibiotic dose in patients treated for severe sepsis and septic shock at a single community teaching hospital as well as to assess patient outcomes associated with second dose delays. Methods: This single-center, retrospective chart review evaluated patients who received at least 2 antibiotic doses for severe sepsis or septic shock. Patients were classified as having experienced a significant second dose delay if the actual interval between the first and the second antibiotic doses was greater than or equal to 125% of the recommended dosing interval. Results: Of 197 patients, 38 (19.3%) experienced a significant second antibiotic dose delay. The rate of significant delays was 17.1% in patients treated initially in the emergency department and 30.3% in patients treated initially in another inpatient location. Conclusions: This single-center study found a 19.3% rate of significant delays in antibiotic second dose administration in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock. This study was not powered to identify differences in outcomes in patients with and without significant second dose delays. Additional large-scale studies are needed to investigate the impact of antibiotic second dose delays on outcomes in patients with sepsis.


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
María Eugenia Niño-Mantilla

Resumen Introducción: La sepsis es un síndrome de respuesta inflamatoria sistémica secundaria a la infección, la cual ocasiona entre un 40%-50% de los casos de muerte en unidades de cuidado intensivo, el concepto PIRO fue propuesto como un nuevo elemento de clasificación de la sepsis. Objetivo: Analizar algunos elementos correspondientes a esta clasificación en relación con la supervivencia de los participantes en los siguientes 28 días posteriores al egreso. Materiales y métodos: Se analizaron 559 pacientes con diagnóstico de sepsis, sepsis severa y choque séptico, a los cuales se les realizó una evaluación basal de las escalas Apache II, Charlson, SOFA, edad, leucocitos y niveles de PCR durante el primer día del ingreso, adicionalmente se realizaron evaluaciones a los 28 días del egreso. Se realizó un análisis log binomial de estos predictores y se asignó un puntaje a aquellos que presentaran una asociación estadísticamente significativa. Esta escala fue comparada mediante una curva ROC con la mortalidad a los 28 días del egreso hospitalario. Resultados: La edad, la raza, el género fueron incluidas en el análisis como variables índices de predisposición (P), el sitio de infección (I) los niveles de leucocitos y PCR (R ) como variable de respuesta y la clasificación de sepsis, sepsis severa y choque séptico como variable de resultado (O). Conclusiones: La escala basada en el concepto PIRO aplicada a población colombiana, presenta puntajes relacionados con un área bajo la curva ROC de 0.75 lo cual la clasifica como una escala aceptable para evaluar a los pacientes con riesgo de mortalidad. Abstract Introduction: Sepsis is a syndrome of secondary systemic inflammatory response to infection, which causes between 40% -50% of cases of death in intensive care units. The PIRO concept was proposed as a new element of classification of sepsis. Objective: To analyze some relevant elements to this classification in relation to the survival of the participants in the following 28 days after discharge. Materials and methods: 559 patients diagnosed with sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock, who underwent a baseline evaluation of the APACHE II, Charlson, SOFA scale, age, leukocytes and CRP levels during the first day of admission were analyzed; additionally, assessments were done after 28 days of discharge. A binomial log analysis of these predictors was performed and a score was assigned to those who submit a statistically significant association. This scale was compared using a ROC curve with mortality after 28 days of hospital discharge. Results: Age, race and gender were included in the analysis as index variables of predisposition (P), the site of infection (I) levels of leukocytes and PCR (R) as the response variable, and classification of sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock as an outcome variable (O). Conclusions: The scale based on the PIRO concept applied to Colombian population presents scores related to an area under the ROC curve above 0.70 which acceptably classifies patients with high mortality risk.


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